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Light conditions, including both intensity and spectral quality, function as significant morphogenic signals in plant tissue culture systems. Spectral composition research has revealed distinct wavelength-dependent responses, with blue light generally promoting shoot organogenesis while red light wavelengths typically favor root induction. Sequential photoperiod exposure—blue light followed by red light—has been documented to effectively stimulate specific organogenetic pathways in certain species.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
The regulatory effect of different wavelengths demonstrates how light quality can selectively control morphogenic outcomes. Artificial fluorescent lighting produces variable responses depending on the species, promoting root formation in some cultures while inhibiting it in others. Some species exhibit specialized light requirements, as observed in ''[[Pea|Pisum sativum]]'' (garden pea), where shoot bud initiation occurs optimally in darkness before exposure to light stimulates further development.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
For most tissue culture applications, standard lighting protocols typically recommend illumination of approximately 2,000-3,000 lux intensity with a 16-hour photoperiod. However, certain species demonstrate exceptional light intensity requirements, exemplified by ''Nicotiana tabacum'' (tobacco) callus cultures, which require substantially higher light intensities of 10,000-15,000 lux to induce shoot bud formation or somatic embryogenesis.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
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