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=== Dedifferentiation ===
The ability of cells to undergo organogenesis largely depends on the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs), which influence the developmental direction of the tissue. The balance between auxins and cytokinins plays a critical role in determining whether shoots or roots will form. A lower auxin-to-cytokinin ratio favors shoot regeneration, whereas a higher auxin concentration promotes root formation. For example, in ''[[Alfalfa|Medicago sativa]]'' (alfalfa) cultures, an elevated level of kinetin combined with a low concentration of 2,4-D (a synthetic auxin) leads to shoot development, whereas increasing 2,4-D while reducing kinetin concentration encourages root formation. However, successful organogenesis is not solely dependent on PGR treatment. The physical size of the callus or developing tissue must reach a certain threshold to support proper organ formation, highlighting the importance of intercellular signaling in coordinating developmental processes.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
=== Induction ===
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