QR code: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added
m Reverted edit by 182.191.147.187 (talk) to last version by Eyesinthefire
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Altered pages. Add: pages, issue, volume, date. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | #UCB_toolbar
Line 81:
 
=== Mobile ticket ===
There is a system whereby a QR code can be displayed on a device such as a smartphone and used as an [[Ticket (admission)|admission ticket]].<ref>{{cite web|title=【公式】チケットの使い方 東京ディズニーリゾート|url=https://www.tokyodisneyresort.jp/ticket/usage.html|language=ja|access-date=20 October 2022|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020051932/https://www.tokyodisneyresort.jp/ticket/usage.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ダイレクトイン(QRコード)の使い方|USJ WEBチケットストア |url=https://www.usj.co.jp/ticket/guide/use.html |website=USJ |language=ja |access-date=20 October 2022 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020052009/https://www.usj.co.jp/ticket/guide/use.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Its use is common for [[J1 League]] and [[Nippon Professional Baseball]] tickets in Japan.<ref>{{cite web |title=QRチケットレス入場について |url=https://www.sanfrecce.co.jp/tickets/qrcode |website=サンフレッチェ広島 オフィシャルサイト |date=6 June 2025 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=スマートスタジアム |url=https://www.rakuteneagles.jp/special/qrticket/ |website=東北楽天ゴールデンイーグルス |language=ja |access-date=20 October 2022 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020053037/https://www.rakuteneagles.jp/special/qrticket/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In some cases, rights can be transferred via the Internet. In [[Latvia]], QR codes can be scanned in [[Riga]] public transport to validate [[Rīgas Satiksme]] e-tickets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Riga public transport tickets are on sale now {{!}} Rīgas valstspilsētas pašvaldība |url=https://www.riga.lv/en/article/new-riga-public-transport-tickets-are-sale-now |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.riga.lv}}</ref>
 
[[File:460-0061-COVID-19 7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg|thumb|A sign with a QR code that links to a drinks menu]]
Line 113:
=== Product tracing ===
{{Further|Produce traceability}}
Different studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of QR codes as a means of conveying labelling information and their use as part of a food traceability system. In a field experiment, it was found that when provided free access to a smartphone with a QR code scanning app, 52.6% of participants would use it to access labelling information.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019|editor-last=Li|editor-first=Tongzhe|editor2-last=Messer|editor2-first=Kent D.|title=To Scan or Not to Scan: The Question of Consumer Behavior and QR Codes on Food Packages|url=https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/287977/|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics|doi=10.22004/ag.econ.287977|issn=1068-5502|last1=Li|first1=Tongzhe|last2=Messer|first2=Kent D.|last3=Li|first3=Tongzhe|last4=Messer|first4=Kent D.|volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=311–327 |access-date=24 June 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101071952/https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/287977/|url-status=live}}</ref> A study made in South Korea showed that consumers appreciate QR code used in food traceability system, as they provide detailed information about food, as well as information that helps them in their purchasing decision.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Yeong Gug|last2=Woo|first2=Eunju|date=2016-07-01|title=Consumer acceptance of a quick response (QR) code for the food traceability system: Application of an extended technology acceptance model (TAM)|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996916301880|journal=Food Research International|volume=85|pages=266–272|doi=10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.002|pmid=29544844|issn=0963-9969}}</ref> If QR codes are serialised, consumers can access a web page showing the supply chain for each ingredient, as well as information specific to each related batch, including meat processors and manufacturers, which helps address the concerns they have about the origin of their food.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Behind Every Smart Product is Smart Packaging {{!}} Future Food Asia|url=https://futurefoodasia.com/2019/11/smartpackaging/|access-date=2020-06-24|website=futurefoodasia.com|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621002517/https://futurefoodasia.com/2019/11/smartpackaging/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
=== COVID-19 pandemic ===
Line 409:
 
=== HCC2D ===
Researchers have proposed a new High Capacity Colored 2-Dimensional (HCC2D) Code, which builds upon a QR code basis for preserving the QR robustness to distortions and uses colors for increasing data density (as of 2014 it is still in the prototyping phase). The HCC2D code specification is described in details in Querini ''et al.'' (2011),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Querini |first1=M|last2=Grillo|first2=A|last3=Lentini|first3=A|last4=Italiano|first4=GF |title=2D Color Barcodes for Mobile Phones |journal=International Journal of Computer Science and Applications |date=2011 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=136-155136–155 |url=http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/v8i19.pdf |access-date=21 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033918/http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/v8i19.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2016|publisher=Technomathematics Research Foundation}}</ref> while techniques for color classification of HCC2D code cells are described in detail in Querini and [[Giuseppe F. Italiano|Italiano]] (2014),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Querini |first1=Marco |last2=Italiano |first2=Giuseppi F |title=Reliability and Data Density in High Capacity Color Barcodes |journal=Computer Science and Information Systems |date=2014 |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=1595-16151595–1615 |doi=10.2298/CSIS131218054Q |url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1820-0214/2014/1820-02141400054Q.pdf |access-date=21 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724205900/http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1820-0214/2014/1820-02141400054Q.pdf|archivedate=24 July 2015}}</ref> which is an extended version of Querini and Italiano (2013).<ref name="Querini and Italiano (2013)">{{cite web|publisher=Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information System|url=https://fedcsis.org/proceedings/2013/pliks/67.pdf|date=2013|title=Color classifiers for 2D color barcodes|last1=Querini |first1=Marco |last2=Italiano |first2=Giuseppi F|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724212247/https://fedcsis.org/proceedings/2013/pliks/67.pdf|archive-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
 
Introducing colors into QR codes requires addressing additional issues. In particular, during QR code reading only the brightness information is taken into account, while HCC2D codes have to cope with chromatic distortions during the decoding phase. In order to ensure adaptation to chromatic distortions that arise in each scanned code, HCC2D codes make use of an additional field: the Color Palette Pattern. This is because color cells of a Color Palette Pattern are supposed to be distorted in the same way as color cells of the Encoding Region. Replicated color palettes are used for training machine-learning classifiers.