General Motors LS-based small-block engine: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:48, 1 July 2025

Revision as of 01:41, 7 July 2025

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{{Short description|Family of V8 and V6 engines}}

{{About|the third, fourth, and fifth generation of Chevrolet/General Motors small-block engine|the first- and second-generation Chevrolet small-block engine|Chevrolet small-block engine (first- and second-generation)|the engine found in the C8 Corvette Z06|Chevrolet Gemini small-block engine}}

{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2017}}

{{Use American English|date=March 2023}}

{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox automobile engine

| name = General Motors LS small-block engine

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The '''General Motors LS-based small-block engines''' are a family of [[V8 engine|V8]] and offshoot [[V6 engine]]s designed and manufactured by the American [[automotive]] company [[General Motors]]. Introduced in 1997, the family is a continuation of the earlier [[Chevrolet small-block engine (first- and second-generation)|first- and second-generation Chevrolet small-block engine]], of which over 100 million have been produced altogether<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lingeman |first=Jake |date=2011-11-28 |title=GM builds 100-millionth small-block engine |url=http://autoweek.com/news/a1979831/gm-builds-100-millionth-small-block-engine/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Autoweek |language=en-US |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082026/https://www.autoweek.com/news/a1979831/gm-builds-100-millionth-small-block-engine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and is also considered one of the most popular V8 engines ever.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prosser |first=Dan |date=July 26, 2019 |title=The world's greatest car engines |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/slideshow/world%E2%80%99s-greatest-car-engines |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=McGuire |first1=Bill |last2=Freiburger |first2=David |date=2012-04-19 |title=Reader Voted - 20 Best V8s of All Time - Hot Rod Magazine |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/hrdp-1204-20-best-v8s-of-all-time/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=MotorTrend |language=en |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727165705/https://www.motortrend.com/news/hrdp-1204-20-best-v8s-of-all-time/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Katsianis |first=Jordan |date=April 22, 2021 |title=Best V8 cars past and present – our favourite eights and the cars they're found in |url=https://www.evo.co.uk/best-cars/201772/best-v8-cars-past-and-present-our-favourite-eights-and-the-cars-theyre-found-in |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=evo |language=en |archive-date=September 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924064327/https://www.evo.co.uk/best-cars/201772/best-v8-cars-past-and-present-our-favourite-eights-and-the-cars-theyre-found-in |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Longest Produced American V8 Engines – Autowise |url=https://autowise.com/longest-produced-american-v8-engines/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924064328/https://autowise.com/longest-produced-american-v8-engines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The LS family spans the third, fourth, and fifth generations of the small-block engines, with a sixth generation expected to enter production soon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-23 |title=The V-8 Is Not Dead: GM Confirms New Sixth-Gen Small-Block |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/v-8-not-dead-gm-confirms-new-sixth-gen-small-block/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=[[MotorTrend]] |language=en|first=Monica|last=Gonderman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Perkins |first=Chris |date=2023-01-23 |title=GM Spending $854 Million to Build New Small-Block V-8 |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a42618499/gm-gen-vi-small-block/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Road & Track |language=en-US |archive-date=September 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924064329/https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a42618499/gm-gen-vi-small-block/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Various small-block V8s were and still are available as [[crate engine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranked: the longest-living car engines |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/slideshow/ranked-longest-living-car-engines-1 |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Autocar |language=en |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727165705/https://www.autocar.co.uk/slideshow/ranked-longest-living-car-engines-1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-31 |title=LS7 and LS427/570 Engines Discontinued by Chevrolet |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/ls7-engine-discontinued/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=MotorTrend |language=en |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209221128/https://www.motortrend.com/news/ls7-engine-discontinued/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The "LS" nomenclature originally came from the [[Regular Production Option]] (RPO) code LS1, assigned to the first engine in the Gen III engine series. The LS nickname has since been used to refer generally to all Gen III and IV engines,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garbe |first=Eric |date=2022-01-21 |title=A Guide to LS Cylinder Heads |url=http://www.enginebuildermag.com/2022/01/a-guide-to-ls-cylinder-heads/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Engine Builder Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320224245/https://www.enginebuildermag.com/2022/01/a-guide-to-ls-cylinder-heads/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but that practice can be misleading, since not all engine RPO codes in those generations begin with LS.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garbe |first=Eric |date=2022-01-21 |title=A Guide to LS Cylinder Heads |url=http://www.enginebuildermag.com/2022/01/a-guide-to-ls-cylinder-heads/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Engine Builder Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320224245/https://www.enginebuildermag.com/2022/01/a-guide-to-ls-cylinder-heads/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Likewise, although Gen V engines are generally referred to as "LT" small-blocks after the RPO LT1 first version, GM also used other two-letter RPO codes in the Gen V series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything You Want To Know About The GM Gen V / LT Engine |url=https://www.holley.com/blog/post/everything_you_want_to_know_about_the_gm_gen_v_lt_engine/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |work=[[Holley Performance Products]] |language=en |archive-date=September 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924064328/https://www.holley.com/blog/post/everything_you_want_to_know_about_the_gm_gen_v_lt_engine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Panait |first=Mircea |date=2021-08-28 |title=General Motors LT Small-Block V8 Engine Guide |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/general-motors-lt-small-block-v8-engine-guide-168253.html |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=autoevolution |language=en}}</ref>

The LS1 was first fitted in the [[Chevrolet Corvette (C5)]],<ref name="leg">{{Cite magazine|title=The Legendary Small-Block Chevy V-8: A Look Back at Its Highlights and Evolution|url=https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/small-block-chevy-engine-history/|access-date=2023-03-20|magazine=[[MotorTrend]]|language=en|date=February 27, 2023|first1=Steven|last1=Rupp|first2=Jason|last2=Udy|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324190900/https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/small-block-chevy-engine-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> and LS or LT engines have powered every generation of the Corvette since (with the exception of the Z06 and ZR1 variants of the [[Chevrolet Corvette (C8)|eighth generation Corvette]], which are powered by the unrelated [[Chevrolet Gemini small-block engine]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Don |date=2022-02-21 |title=LT6 Breakdown: The Z06's 670-hp V-8 is a landmark achievement |url=https://www.hagerty.com/media/maintenance-and-tech/lt6-breakdown-the-z06s-670-hp-v-8-is-a-landmark-achievement/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Hagerty Media |language=en-US |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321051914/https://www.hagerty.com/media/maintenance-and-tech/lt6-breakdown-the-z06s-670-hp-v-8-is-a-landmark-achievement/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Various other General Motors automobiles have been powered by LS- and LT-based engines, including sports cars such as the [[Chevrolet Camaro]]/[[Pontiac Firebird]] and [[Holden Commodore]], trucks such as the [[Chevrolet Silverado]], and SUVs such as the [[Cadillac Escalade]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2021/01/19/gm-built-a-blue-million-ls-series-v-8s-heres-your-guide-to-keeping-them-all-straight|title=The definitive Hemmings guide to the GM/Chevy LS-series V-8s|first=Daniel|last=Strohl|access-date=2023-03-19|work=[[Hemmings Motor News]]|date=January 19, 2021|archive-date=March 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308150949/https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2021/01/19/gm-built-a-blue-million-ls-series-v-8s-heres-your-guide-to-keeping-them-all-straight|url-status=live}}</ref>

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|{{Cvt|339-343|lbft|Nm|0}} at 4400&nbsp;rpm, {{Cvt|347|lbft|Nm|0}} at 4000&nbsp;rpm

|}

[[File:Chevrolet Corvette C5 Z06 LS6 engine.jpg|thumb|250px|GM LS6 engine in a [[Chevrolet_Corvette_Chevrolet Corvette (C5)#Z06|Chevrolet Corvette Z06]]]]

{{Anchor|LS6}}

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===={{anchor|5.3 L|Vortec 5300}} 5.3 L====

The '''Vortec 5300''', or LM7/L59/LM4, is a V8 truck engine{{clarification neededclarify span|text=.|reason=This section lacks years of production. This sentence should continue "...produced from xxxx to xxxx". A reliable citation is required.|date=December 2024}} It is a longer-stroked by {{cvt|9|mm|in}} version of the [[#4800|Vortec 4800]] and replaced the '''L31'''. L59 denoted a [[Flexible-fuel vehicle|flexible-fuel]] version of the standard-fuel LM7 engine. Displacement is {{cvt|5327|cc|L cuin|1}} from a bore and stroke of {{cvt|96x92|mm|in|2}}. Vortec 5300s were built in [[St. Catharines, Ontario]], and [[Romulus, Michigan]]. The aluminum block variants, the LM4 and the L33, share the same displacement, but instead use an aluminum block with cast-in cylinder liners, much like the LS1.

=====LM7=====

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| successor = [[General Motors small-block engine#Generation V|Generation V]]

| configuration = 90° [[V8 engine|V8]]

| displacement = {{ubl | {{cvt|4806|cc|cuin}}|{{cvt|5327|cc|cuin}}|{{cvt|5967|cc|cuin}}|{{cvt|6162|cc|cuin}}|{{cvt|7011|cc|cuin}}|}}

| bore = {{ubl | {{cvt|96|mm|in|2}}|{{cvt|101.6|mm|in}}|{{cvt|103.25|mm|in}}|{{cvt|104.8|mm|in|3}}|{{cvt|106.3|mm|in|3}}}}

| stroke = {{ubl | {{cvt|83|mm|in|2}}|{{cvt|92|mm|in|2}}|{{cvt|101.6|mm|in}}|{{cvt|104.8|mm|in|3}}}}

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=====LS7=====

:''LS7 can also refer to a 454 over-the-counter 460+ hp high compression engine [[Chevrolet Big-Block engine]] of the 1970s''

[[File:2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 LS7 engine.jpg|thumb|250px|7.0L LS7 engine in a 2006 [[Chevrolet_Corvette_Chevrolet Corvette (C5)#Z06|Chevrolet Corvette Z06]]]]

The '''LS7''' is a {{cvt|7011|cc|L cuin|1}} engine based on the Gen IV architecture. The block is changed, with [[Cylinder (engine)#Cylinder sleeving|sleeved]] cylinders in an aluminum block with a larger bore of {{cvt|4.125|in|mm|1}} and longer stroke of {{cvt|4|in|mm|1}} than the LS2. The small-block's {{cvt|4.4|in|mm}} bore spacing is retained, requiring pressed-in cylinder liners. The crankshaft and main bearing caps are [[forged]] steel for durability, the connecting rods are forged titanium, and the pistons are [[Hypereutectic piston|hypereutectic]]. The two-valve arrangement is retained, though the titanium intake valves by Del West have grown to {{cvt|2.2|in|mm}} and sodium-filled exhaust valves are up to {{cvt|1.61|in|mm}}.

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=====L92 / L9H / L94=====

The '''L92''', also known as the Vortec 6200, displaces {{cvt|6162|cc|L cuin|1}}, and first debuted in the 2007 Cadillac Escalade. It is an all-aluminum design which, while still a pushrod engine, boasts variable valve timing. The system adjusts both intake and exhaust timing between two settings. This engine produces {{cvt|403|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|417|lbft|Nm|0}} in the GMC Yukon Denali/XL Denali, GMC Sierra Denali, Hummer H2, and briefly in the Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ (MY 2008.5 – MY 2009) and rated at {{cvt|403|hp|0}} and {{cvt|415|lbft|Nm|0}}. Starting in 2009, it was also available in the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra, as the '''L9H''', with power ratings of {{cvt|403|hp|0}} and {{cvt|417|lbft|Nm|0}}.

Engines built prior to April 1, 2006, contained AFM hardware; however, the mode was not enabled in the PCM, and thus the system was not functional. Engines built after this date also lacked any AFM hardware, and instead used a valley cover plate similar to the L20, until the debut of the L94 variants mentioned below.

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* 2009–2015 [[Cadillac CTS-V]]

* 2012–2015 [[Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)#ZL1_ZL1 (2012–2015)|Chevrolet Camaro ZL1]]

* 2014–2017 [[Holden Commodore (VF)#GTS|HSV GTS GEN-F]]

** 2013–2017 [[Vauxhall VXR8]] GTS, GTS-R

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| Aluminum, VVT, AFM, DI, E85-capable

|-

| 2018–present

| 2018-present

| LV1 '''''V6'''''

| {{convert|265|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}

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{{Reflist|30em}}

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{{GM late engine timeline}}