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After [[World War II]], the economy of Western countries started to boom and the Welfare states were expanding. Despite this, crime rose significantly during this time. According to Felson and Cohen, the reason for the increase is that the prosperity of contemporary society offers more opportunities for crime to occur. For example, the use of automobiles, on one hand, enables offenders to move more freely to conduct their violations and, on the other hand, provide more targets for theft. Other social changes such as college enrollment, female labor participation, urbanization, suburbanization, and lifestyles all contribute to the supply of opportunities and, subsequently, the occurrence of crime.<ref name="Cohen Felson Social Change and Crime Rate Trends"/>
Routine activity theory has its foundation in human ecology and [[rational choice theory]]. Over time, the theory has been extensively employed to study sexual crimes, robberies, cyber crimes, residential burglary and corresponding victimizations, among others. It is also worth noting that, in the study of criminal victimization, the routine activity theory is often regarded as "essentially similar"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garofalo |first1=James |chapter=Reassessing the lifestyle model of criminal victimization |pages=23–42 |editor1-last=Gottfredson |editor1-first=Michael R. |editor2-last=Hirschi |editor2-first=Travis |title=Positive Criminology |date=1987 |publisher=Sage Publications |isbn=978-0-608-01455-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maxfield |first1=Michael G. |title=Lifestyle and Routine Activity Theories of Crime: Empirical Studies of Victimization, Delinquency, and Offender Decision-Making |journal=Journal of Quantitative Criminology |date=1987 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=275–282 |id={{INIST|7621465}} |doi=10.1007/BF01066831 |jstor=23365565 }}</ref> to [[Lifestyle theory|lifestyle theory of criminology]] by {{harvp|Hindelang|Gottfredson|Garofalo|1978}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hindelang |first1=Michael J. |last2=Gottfredson |first2=Michael R. |last3=Garofalo |first3=James |title=Victims of Personal Crime: An Empirical Foundation for a Theory of Personal Victimization |date=1978 |publisher=Ballinger Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-88410-793-4 }}{{pn|date=July 2025}}</ref> More recently, routine activity theory has been empirically evaluated as a mechanism explaining the long-noted association between warmer weather and some types of crime.<ref name="Thomas Jeong Wolff Testing Routine Activity Theory"/>
==Theoretical framework==
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