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The history of machine translation dates back to the seventeenth century, when philosophers such as [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]] and [[Descartes]] put forward proposals for codes which would relate words between languages. All of these proposals remained theoretical, and none resulted in the development of an actual machine.
The first patents for "translating machines" were applied for in the mid-1930s. One proposal, by [[Georges Artsrouni]] was simply an automatic bilingual dictionary using [[paper tape]]. The other proposal, by [[Peter Troyanskii]], a Russian, was more detailed. [[Peter Troyanskii|Troyanski]] proposal included both the bilingual dictionary, and a method for dealing with grammatical roles between languages, based on [[Esperanto]].<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date= |title=Georges Artsrouni |url=https://machinetranslate.org/georges-artsrouni |website=machinetranslate.org |___location= |publisher= |access-date=July 10, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
| last1 = Hutchins
| first1 = John
| last2 = Lovtskii
| first2 = Evgenii
| year = 2000
| title = Petr Petrovich Troyanskii (1894-1950): A Forgotten Pioneer of Mechanical Translation
| publisher =
| publication-place =Machine Translation
| page =
| url =https://www.jstor.org/stable/40009018
| access-date =
}}</ref>
== Logical period ==
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