Dynamic torque sensor: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:55, 10 July 2025

Revision as of 08:48, 11 July 2025

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A '''dynamic torque sensor''' is an electronic measurement device used to measure and record [[torque]] variations in rotating or dynamically moving [[mechanical systems]]<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US8752439B2|title=Dynamic torque sensing system|gdate=2014-06-17|invent1=HYTE|inventor1-first=JEFFREY Alan|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US8752439B2/en}}</ref>. As compared to static torque sensors, which measure torque when the object is stationary, dynamic torque sensors specifically measure rapid fluctuations in torque<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mateev |first=Valentin |last2=Marinova |first2=Iliana |title=Magnetic Elastomer Sensor for Dynamic Torque |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9097051/ |journal=2019 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF) |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9097051}}</ref>. Thus, they provide valuable insights into real-time mechanical performance<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Karki |first=Dipesh |last2=Dura |first2=Hari Bahadur |last3=Poudel |first3=Laxman |date=2023-12-30 |title=Design, construction and performance analysis of dynamic torque transducer |url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jiee/article/view/43809 |journal=Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=118–123 |doi=10.3126/jiee.v6i1.43809 |issn=2594-343X}}</ref>.

These sensors are crucial where precise control and monitoring of torque are required.  They play a major role in operational safety<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Rocksana N. |last2=Akram |first2=Muhammad |last3=Iqbal |first3=Sajid |last4=Bilal |first4=Muhammad |title=Design and Analysis of Joint Torque Sensor for Safe Human-Robotic Collaboration |url=https://index.ieomsociety.org/index.cfm/article/view/ID/5340 |journal=4th European International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management |language=en |publisher=IEOM Society |volume=11 |doi=10.46254/EU04.20210030 |isbn=978-1-7923-6127-2}}</ref>. Therefore, aiding engineers and technicians in determining the [[efficiency]] of mechanical components such as [[Synchronous motor|motors]], [[Drive shaft|drive shafts]], and rotating equipment<ref name=":10" />.

Dynamic torque sensor uses principles such as [[strain gauge]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Xuezhu |last2=Cui |first2=Long |last3=Li |first3=Hongyi |last4=Wang |first4=Yuechao |title=Development and optimization of the build-in torque sensor for harmonic drive |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7419029/ |journal=2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) |pages=1774–1779 |doi=10.1109/ROBIO.2015.7419029}}</ref> technology, [[Inverse magnetostrictive effect|magnetoelastic effects]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mateev |first=Valentin |last2=Marinova |first2=Iliana |title=Magnetic Elastomer Sensor for Dynamic Torque |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9097051/ |journal=2019 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF) |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9097051}}</ref>, [[optical sensing]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Adwant |first=Mrs A. V. |last2=Singh |first2=Dr Manpreet |last3=Deshmukh |first3=Dr Suhas |last4=Singh |first4=Dr Vijay Kumar |date=2023-08-10 |title=Development Of An Optical Torque Sensor And Examining Torque-Vibration Correspondence |url=https://namibian-studies.com/index.php/JNS/article/view/3952 |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture |language=en |volume=35 |pages=2242–2254 |doi=10.59670/jns.v35i.3952 |issn=2197-5523}}</ref>, or [[Piezoelectricity|piezoelectric effects]]<ref name=":3">Hammond, J. M., & Lec, R. M. (1998, May). A non-contact piezoelectric torque sensor. In ''Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (Cat. No. 98CH36165)'' (pp. 715-723). IEEE.</ref>. These aid in non-contact measurement hence, serving various industrial requirements<ref name=":3" />.

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This principle causes strain gauges to [[Deformation (engineering)|deform]] when torque is applied. This results in changes in [[Electrical resistance and conductance|electrical resistance]] proportional to the torque. These sensors provide high accuracy, their reliability and simple integration results in their wide usage<ref name=":0" />.

=== Magnetoelastic Effectseffects ===

These sensors use changes in [[Magnetic field|magnetic]] properties when stress by torque is given. The magnetoelastic principle enables non-contact torque measurement thus sensor lifespan and performance in harsh environments are raised<ref name=":1" />.

=== Optical Sensingsensing ===

Optical torque sensor utilizes light-based techniques namely [[interferometry]] or [[Phase (waves)|phase shift]] measurements to detect torque. They provide high sensitivity, immunity to [[electromagnetic interference]], and minimal mechanical interference<ref name=":2" />.

=== Piezoelectric Effectseffects ===

With use of [[Piezoelectricity|piezoelectric crystals]], when mechanical stress is applied these sensors create an [[electric charge]], thus capturing high-[[frequency]] dynamic torque events<ref name=":3" />.

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* [[Accuracy and precision|Accuracy]]: Degree to which sensor measurements reflect true torque values.

* [[Resolution of singularities|Resolution]]: Smallest detectable increase in torque.

* [[Frequency response|Frequency Response]]: Range of frequencies over which the sensor accurately measures dynamic torque.

* Temperature Stabilitystability: Accurate measurements maintained by sensor across varying temperatures.

* [[Calibration]] Standards: Adherence to internationally recognized calibration standards (e.g., ISO, ASTM) ensuring consistent measurement accuracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Torque Sensors Specifications {{!}} GlobalSpec |url=https://www.globalspec.com/specsearch/searchform/sensors_transducers_detectors/torque_sensing/torque_sensors |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=www.globalspec.com}}</ref>