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Dynamic torque sensor can be classified according to their sensing technology and application.
Firstly, Rotaryrotary torque sensors<ref name=":11">Morsy, W. (2024). Fabrication of a rotating shaft torque sensor for power data determination of rotary farm implements. ''Alexandria Journal of Soil and Water Sciences'', ''8''(1), 49-56.</ref> measure torque on rotating shafts. They use strain gauges or magnetoelastic technology and are used in engines, [[gearboxes]], and [[Drive shaft|drive shafts]]<ref name=":11" />.
Secondly, Nonnon-contact torque sensors<ref name=":12">Zhang, C., Li, Z., Chen, J., Qiu, F., & Na, S. (2021). Design and research of a novel non-contact vertical inductive torque sensor. ''Measurement'', ''177'', 109252.</ref> measure torque without physical contact. They use magnetoelastic or optical techniques thus reducing [[wear]] and maintenance requirements. They are especially helpful in harsh or high-speed environments<ref name=":12" />.
Lastly, Reactionreaction torque sensors<ref name=":13">Muftah, M. H., Haris, S. M., Petroczki, K., & Khidir, E. A. (2013). An improved strain gauge-based dynamic torque measurement method. ''International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing'', ''7''(1), 66-73.</ref> use strain gauge technology and are engineered to measure torque without rotation. They are used in torque [[Test bench|testing benches]] and component validation setups<ref name=":13" />.
== Applications ==
Dynamic torque sensors are used in various industries due to their precision and reliability. They are used in Automotiveautomotive Industryindustry where [[engine]] and [[Transmission (mechanical device)|transmission]] testing<ref>Persson, O., & Persson, G. (2015). Torque Sensor for Automotive Applications. ''CODEN: LUTEDX/TEIE''.</ref>, [[vehicle dynamics]] analysis, and development of [[electric vehicle]] (EV) [[Drivetrain|drivetrains]] is done<ref>Albers, A., Fischer, J., Behrendt, M., & Lieske, D. (2015). Methods for measuring, analyzing and predicting the dynamic torque of an electric drive used in an automotive drivetrain. ''SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains'', ''4''(2), 363-369.</ref>.
They are further used in Aerospaceaerospace where [[Aircraft engine|aircraft engines]], [[Propeller|propellers]], and rotor systems are tested, ensuring safety of aerospace components<ref name=":4" />.
They are also used in monitoring torque in [[Wind turbine|wind turbines]] and [[Tidal power|tidal energy systems]], increasing their efficiency<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />.
Industrial Automationautomation and Roboticsrobotics uses them in monitoring torque in robotic joints, industrial machinery, and automation systems. Thus, their [[Safety|operational safety]] and performance is enhanced<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" />.
== Technical specifications and performance criteria ==
Dynamic torque sensors are distinguished by their [[Specification (technical standard)|technical specifications]] and performance criteria. They are then accordingly considered suitable for specific applications:
* [[Sensitivity (electronics)|Sensitivity]]: Smallsmall changes in torque are detected by sensor.
* [[Accuracy and precision|Accuracy]]: Degreedegree to which sensor measurements reflect true torque values.
* [[Resolution of singularities|Resolution]]: Smallestsmallest detectable increase in torque.
* [[Frequency response]]: Rangerange of frequencies over which the sensor accurately measures dynamic torque.
* Temperature stability: Accurateaccurate measurements maintained by sensor across varying temperatures.
* [[Calibration]] Standardsstandards: Adherenceadherence to internationally recognized calibration standards (e.g., ISO, ASTM) ensuring consistent measurement accuracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Torque Sensors Specifications {{!}} GlobalSpec |url=https://www.globalspec.com/specsearch/searchform/sensors_transducers_detectors/torque_sensing/torque_sensors |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=www.globalspec.com}}</ref>
== Calibration and maintenance ==
== External links ==
* [https://handwiki.org/wiki/Engineering:Torque_sensor Engineering: Torque sensor] - handwiki
* [https://www.ato.com/torque-sensors-for-sale?srsltid=AfmBOooOndEvgU8FoJJcgm7LhwjOjeZJG9N-gTskdX9rwk2YkiqkNkUa What is Torque Sensor?] - ato
* [https://www.hbm.com/it/10716/how-does-a-torque-transducer-actually-work/ How Does a Torque Transducer Actually Work?] - hbm<br />
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