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In 1970, William A. Woods introduced the [[augmented transition network]] (ATN) to represent natural language input.<ref>Woods, William A (1970). "Transition Network Grammars for Natural Language Analysis". Communications of the ACM 13 (10): 591–606 [http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED037733&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED037733]</ref> Instead of ''[[phrase structure rules]]'' ATNs used an equivalent set of [[finite-state automata]] that were called recursively. ATNs and their more general format called "generalized ATNs" continued to be used for a number of years. During the 1970s many programmers began to write 'conceptual ontologies', which structured real-world information into computer-understandable data. Examples are MARGIE (Schank, 1975), SAM (Cullingford, 1978), PAM (Wilensky, 1978), TaleSpin (Meehan, 1976), QUALM (Lehnert, 1977), Politics (Carbonell, 1979), and Plot Units (Lehnert 1981). During this time, many [[chatterbots]] were written including [[PARRY]], [[Racter]], and [[Jabberwacky]].
In recent years, advancements in deep learning and large language models have significantly enhanced the capabilities of natural language processing, leading to widespread applications in areas such as healthcare, customer service, and content generation. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gruetzemacher |first=Ross |date=2022-04-19 |title=The Power of Natural Language Processing |url=https://hbr.org/2022/04/the-power-of-natural-language-processing |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=Harvard Business Review |issn=0017-8012}}</ref>▼
== Statistical period ==
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| doi = 10.1162/153244303322533223
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▲In recent years, advancements in deep learning and large language models have significantly enhanced the capabilities of natural language processing, leading to widespread applications in areas such as healthcare, customer service, and content generation.
==Software==
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