Ggplot2: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 05:04, 10 July 2025

Revision as of 21:24, 13 July 2025

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'''ggplot2''' is an [[open-source]] [[data visualization]] [[R package|package]] for the [[Computational statistics|statistical programming]] language [[R (programming language)|R]]. Created by [[Hadley Wickham]] in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of [[Leland Wilkinson]]'s [[Grammar of Graphics|''Grammar of Graphics'']]—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a number of defaults for web and print display of common scales. Since 2005, ggplot2 has grown in use to become one of the most popular R packages.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis|journal=Journal of Statistical Software|date=July 2010|volume=35|issue=1|url=http://www.jstatsoft.org/v35/b01/paper}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wilkinson|first=Leland|author-link=Leland Wilkinson|title=ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis by WICKHAM, H|journal=Biometrics|date=June 2011|volume=67|issue=2|pages=678–679|doi=10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01616.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/index.html|title=CRAN - Package ggplot2|date=12 October 2023 }}</ref>

== Updates ==

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On 25 February 2014, Hadley Wickham formally announced that "ggplot2 is shifting to maintenance mode. This means that we are no longer adding new features, but we will continue to fix major bugs, and consider new features submitted as pull requests. In recognition [of] this significant milestone, the next version of ggplot2 will be 1.0.0".<ref>{{cite web |last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=ggplot2 development|url= https://groups.google.com/d/msg/ggplot2/SSxt8B8QLfo/J2dfKR92rsYJ|publisher=ggplot2 Google Group|access-date=26 February 2014}}</ref>

On 21 December 2015, ggplotggplot2 2.0.0 was released. In the announcement, it was stated that "ggplot2 now has an official extension mechanism. This means that others can now easily create their [own] stats, geoms and positions, and provide them in other packages."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.rstudio.com/2015/12/21/ggplot2-2-0-0/ |access-date=2021-06-21 |title=ggplot 2.0.0 |date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207054047/https://blog.rstudio.com/2015/12/21/ggplot2-2-0-0/ |archive-date=2021-02-07 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 5 July 2018, ggplot2 3.0.0 was released (initially planned as a ggplot2 2.3.0). This now provides support for tidy evaluation allowing quasiquotation in ggplot2 functions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ggplot2 3.0.0 |url=https://www.tidyverse.org/blog/2018/07/ggplot2-3-0-0/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.tidyverse.org |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wickham |first=Hadley |url=https://adv-r.hadley.nz/quasiquotation.html |title=19 Quasiquotation {{!}} Advanced R |language=en}}</ref>

==Comparison with base graphics and other packages==

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* gramm, a plotting class for [[MATLAB]] inspired by ggplot2<ref>{{cite web |title=ggplot for Matlab |url=https://github.com/piermorel/gramm |access-date=11 December 2015 |website=[[GitHub]] |publisher=Pierre Morel (@piermorel)}}</ref>

* gadfly, a system for plotting and visualization written in [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]], based largely on ggplot2<ref>{{cite web |title=Gadfly.jl |url=http://gadflyjl.org |access-date=11 September 2018 |website=Gadfly.jl}}</ref>

* Chart::GGPlot - ggplot2 port in [[Perl]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Stephan Loyd/Chart-GGPlot-0.0001 |url=https://metacpan.org/release/Chart-GGPlot |access-date=30 March 2019 |website=MetaCPAN}}</ref>, but has not been updated since 16 March 2023

* The Lets-Plot for Python library includes a native backend and a Python [[API]], which was mostly based on the ggplot2 package well-known to data scientists who use R.<ref>{{cite web |title=JetBrains/lets-plot |url=https://github.com/JetBrains/lets-plot |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=[[GitHub]] |publisher=[[JetBrains]]}}</ref>

* Lets-Plot Kotlin API is an open-source plotting library for statistical data implemented using the [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin programming language]], and is built on the principles of layered graphics first described in the Leland Wilkinson's work ''The Grammar of Graphics''.<ref>{{cite web |title=JetBrains/lets-plot-kotlin |url=https://github.com/JetBrains/lets-plot-kotlin |access-date=4 April 2021 |website=[[GitHub]] |publisher=[[JetBrains]]}}</ref>

* ggplotnim, plotting library using the [[Nim (programming language)|Nim]] programming language inspired by ggplot2.<ref>{{cite web |title=ggplotnim |url=https://github.com/Vindaar/ggplotnim |access-date=1 August 2023 |website=[[GitHub]] |publisher=Vindaar}}</ref>

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==Further reading==

* {{cite book|last=Wilkinson|first=Leland|author-link=Leland Wilkinson|title=The Grammar of Graphics|year=2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-98774-3}}

* {{cite book|last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=R for Data Science|url=https://r4ds.had.co.nz/|year=2017|publisher=O'Reilly Media|isbn=978-1491910399}}

* {{cite video |people= Wickham, Hadley|date= 6 June 2011|title=Engineering Data Analysis (with R and ggplot2) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaxJwC_MP9Q |publisher= Google Tech Talks}}

* {{cite book|last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis|url=https://ggplot2-book.org/|year=2016|publisher=[[Springer]]|isbn=978-3319242750|edition=2nd}}

* {{cite book|last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=R for Data Science|url=https://r4ds.had.co.nz/|year=2017|publisher=O'Reilly Media|isbn=978-1491910399}}

== External links ==