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'''Small Form-factor Pluggable''' ('''SFP''') is a compact, [[hot-pluggable]] network interface module format used for both [[telecommunication]] and [[data communications]] applications. An SFP interface on [[networking hardware]] is a modular slot for a media-specific [[transceiver]], such as for a [[fiber-optic cable]] or a copper cable.<ref name="pcmag"/> The advantage of using SFPs compared to fixed interfaces (e.g. [[modular connector]]s in [[Ethernet switches]]) is that individual ports can be equipped with different types of transceivers as required, with the majority including [[optical line terminal]]s, [[network card]]s, [[Network Switch|switches]] and [[Router (computing)|routers]].
The [[Form factor (design)|form factor]] and electrical interface are specified by a [[multi-source agreement]] (MSA) under the auspices of the [[Small Form Factor Committee]].<ref name="sfpmsa"/> The SFP replaced the larger [[gigabit interface converter]] (GBIC) in most applications, and has been referred to as a '''Mini-GBIC''' by some vendors.<ref name="Cisco MGBSX1"/>
SFP transceivers exist supporting [[synchronous optical networking]] (SONET), [[Gigabit Ethernet]], [[Fibre Channel]], [[Passive optical network|PON]], and other communications standards. At introduction, typical speeds were {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} for Ethernet SFPs and up to {{nowrap|4 Gbit/s}} for Fibre Channel SFP modules.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flexoptix.net/en/transceiver/sfp-singlemode-transceiver-4g-fc-sm-1310nm-5km-10db-ddm-dom.html?co3101=18397 |title=4G Fibre Channel SFP |publisher=Flexoptix GmbH |access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> In 2006, '''SFP+''' specification brought speeds up to {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}} and the later '''SFP28''' iteration, introduced in 2014,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-02 |title=DRAFT SFF-8402 CB |url=https://members.snia.org/document/dl/35505 |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=SNIA Members |publisher=Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)}}</ref> is designed for speeds of {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}}.<ref name="snia"/>
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| {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}}
| 1
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8074i
| 2001-05-01
| {{n/a|None}}
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| {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}}
| 1
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8074i
| 2001-05-01
| {{nowrap|100 Mbit/s}} SFP*
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| {{nowrap|10 Gbit/s}}
| 1
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8431 4.1
| 2009-07-06
| SFP
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| {{nowrap|25 Gbit/s}}
| 1
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8402
| 2014-09-13
| SFP, SFP+
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| {{nowrap|4 Gbit/s}}
| 4
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8438
| 2006-11-01
| {{n/a|None}}
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| {{nowrap|40 Gbit/s}}
| 4
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8436
| 2012-04-01
| {{n/a|None}}
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| {{nowrap|50 Gbit/s}}
| 2
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665
| 2014-09-13
| QSFP+
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| {{nowrap|100 Gbit/s}}
| 4
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665
| 2014-09-13
| QSFP+
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| {{nowrap|200 Gbit/s}}
| 4
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665
| 2015-06-29
| QSFP+, QSFP28
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| {{nowrap|400 Gbit/s}}
| 4
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] SFF-8665
| 2015-06-29
| QSFP+, QSFP28, QSFP56
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| {{nowrap|400 Gbit/s}}
| 8
| [[Small Form Factor Committee|SFF]] INF-8628
| 2016-06-27
| QSFP+, QSFP28,<ref name="Cisco-400G_QSFP-DD">{{cite web |title=Cisco 400G QSFP-DD Cable and Transceiver Modules Data Sheet |url=https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/datasheet-c78-743172.html |website=Cisco |access-date=2020-03-27 |language=en}}</ref> QSFP56
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