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The 1971 edition of the MUTCD included several significant standards. The MUTCD imposed a consistent color code for [[road surface marking]]s by requiring all center lines dividing opposing traffic on two-way roads to be always painted in yellow (instead of white, which was to always demarcate lanes moving in the same direction),<ref name="NCHRPReport484" /><ref name="Section 3B-1">{{cite book |last1 = American Association of State Highway Officials |last2 = National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices |title = Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways |date = 1971 |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |___location = Washington, DC |page = 181 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gL9_gp8TUuMC&pg=PA181 |access-date = July 21, 2020 |chapter = Section 3B-1, Center Lines }}</ref> and also required that all highway guide signs (not just those on Interstate Highways) contain white text on a green background.<ref name="Section 2D-3">{{cite book |last1 = American Association of State Highway Officials |last2 = National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices |title = Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways |date = 1971 |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |___location = Washington, DC |page = 84 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gL9_gp8TUuMC&pg=PA84 |access-date = July 21, 2020 |chapter = Section 2D-3, Color, Reflectorization, and Illumination }}</ref>
Another major change, inspired by the Vienna Convention,<ref>{{cite news |title = Symbols to Replace Words on U.S. Traffic Signs |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/31/archives/symbols-to-replace-words-on-us-traffic-signs.html |work = The New York Times |date = May 31, 1970 |page = 58 }}</ref> was that the 1971 MUTCD expressed a preference for a transition to adoption of symbols on signs in lieu of words "as rapidly as public acceptance and other considerations permit."<ref name="Section 2A-13">{{cite book |last1 = American Association of State Highway Officials |last2 = National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices |title = Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways |date = 1971 |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |___location = Washington, DC |page = 16 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gL9_gp8TUuMC&pg=PA16 |access-date = July 21, 2020 |chapter = Section 2A-13, Symbols }}</ref> During what was then expected to be a transition period, the MUTCD allowed state highway departments to use optional explanatory word plaques with symbol signs and to continue using the previous standard word message signs in certain cases.<ref name="Section 2A-13" /> Robert Conner, the chief of the traffic control systems division of the Federal Highway Administration during the 1970s, believed that symbol signs were "usually more effective than words in situations where reaction time and comprehension are important."<ref name="Lindsey">{{cite news |last1 = Lindsey |first1 = Robert |title = Signs of Progress: Road Symbols Guiding Traffic |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/23/archives/signs-of-progress-road-symbols-guiding-traffic.html |access-date = August 19, 2020 |work = The New York Times |date = April 23, 1972 |page = S22 }}</ref> Conner was active in the Joint Committee and also represented the United States at international meetings on road traffic safety.<ref name="ConnerObituary">{{cite news |title = Robert Conner, Ex-FHA Official, Dies of Cancer |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1984/12/01/robert-conner-ex-fha-official-dies-of-cancer/944fa379-9484-4f5d-9aa6-dbd7ef53f6b3/ |newspaper = The Washington Post |date = December 1, 1984 }}</ref> However, several American traffic safety experts were concerned that American drivers would not understand the Vienna Convention's unintuitive symbols, which is why the MUTCD allowed for explanatory word plaques.<ref name="Hebert">{{cite news |last1=Hebert |first1=Ray |title=New Traffic Signs Bloom as California Goes International |work=Los Angeles Times |date=January 30, 1972 |page=1}}
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