Content deleted Content added
citation Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
|||
Line 37:
==Primer dimers==
[[Annealing (biology)|Annealing]] of the 3' end of one [[primer (molecular biology)|primer]] to itself or the second primer may cause primer extension, resulting in the formation of so-called primer dimers, visible as low-molecular-weight bands on [[Agarose gel electrophoresis|PCR gels]].<ref name="kramer2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kramer MF, Coen DM |title=Enzymatic amplification of DNA by PCR: standard procedures and optimization |journal=Curr Protoc Cytom |volume=Appendix 3 |pages=A.3K.1–A.3K.15 |date=August 2006 |pmid=18770830 |doi=10.1002/0471142956.cya03ks37 |s2cid=4658404 }}</ref> Primer dimer formation often competes with formation of the DNA fragment of interest, and may be avoided using primers that are designed such that they lack [[complementarity (molecular biology)|complementarity]]—especially at the 3' ends—to itself or the other primer used in the reaction. If primer design is constrained by other factors and if primer-dimers do occur, methods to limit their formation may include optimisation of the MgCl<sub>2</sub> concentration or increasing the annealing temperature in the PCR
==Deoxynucleotides==
| |||