Code-switching: Difference between revisions

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Code-switching between English and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (Filipino), as well as English and other native languages, is very widespread in the [[Philippines]]. Known generally as [[Taglish]], it has become the de facto [[lingua franca]] among the urbanized and/or educated [[middle class]]. It is largely considered the "normal acceptable conversation style of speaking and writing" in informal settings. It is so widespread that a non-native speaker can be identified easily because they predominantly use pure Tagalog, whereas a native speaker would switch freely with English.<ref name="Bautista2004"/><ref name="Goulet">{{cite journal |last1=Goulet |first1=Rosalina Morales |title=English, Spanish, and Tagalog; a study of grammatical, lexical, and cultural interference |journal=Philippine Journal of Linguistics |date=1971 |issue=Special Monograph Issue № 1}}</ref><ref name="lesada">{{cite thesis |last=Lesada |first=Joseph D. |date=2017 |title=Taglish in Metro Manila: An Analysis of Tagalog-English Code-Switching |type=BA |publisher= University of Michigan |url= https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/139623/jlesada.pdf|access-date=31 October 2021|hdl=2027.42/139623}}</ref>

Roger Thompson's research it suggests that the interactions between Tagalog and English depend on what is taking place. In the classroom teachers prefer students to use English. When in media the Philippines tends to prefer using Tagalog over English but in smaller social interactions people use their local dialect over both.<ref>{{Cite webbook |title=Evaluating bilingual education in the Philippines (1974-1985) {{!}} WorldCat.org |urloclc=https://search.worldcat.org/title/20854895 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Roger |title=Filipino English and Taglish Language Switching from Multiple Perspectives |date=2003 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=9789027296078 |publication-date=October 16, 2003 |language=English}}</ref>

According to the linguist Maria Lourdes S. Bautista, there are two contrasting types of code-switching in the Philippines: deficiency-driven and proficiency-driven. Deficiency-driven code-switching is when a person is not competent in one language and thus has to switch back to the language they are more familiar with. This is common among younger children, as in the example below given by Bautista:<ref name="Bautista2004"/><ref name="lesada"/>