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=== Symbol representations ===
The symbols ['''!'''], ['''$'''], and ['''&'''] are not defined inside the official [[ITU-R]] ''International Morse Code Recommendation'',<ref name=ITU-R-M-1677/> but informal conventions for them exist. (The ['''@'''] symbol was formally added in 2004. The ['''%'''] and ['''‰'''] symbols have recommended ~transcriptions<!-- TODO fixme terminology -->.)
; Exclamation mark : There is no standard representation for the exclamation mark ['''!'''], although the {{sc| {{overline|KW}} }} [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] ({{morse|dash|dot|dash|dot|dash|dash}}) was proposed in the 1980s by the [[Heathkit]] Company.{{efn|[[Heathkit]] was a popular, long-standing vendor of kits for amateur radio equipment.}} While Morse code translation software prefers the Heathkit version, on-air use is not yet universal, as some amateur radio operators in North America and the Caribbean continue to use the older {{sc| {{overline|MN}} }} digraph ({{morse|dash|dash|dash|dot}}){{efn|name=exclamation_note| {{sc| {{overline|MN}} }} or {{sc| {{overline|OE}} }}, {{morse|dash|dash|dash|dot}}, which some telegraphers unofficially use for an exclamation mark ['''!'''], is shared with unofficial letters '''{{sc|Ö}}''', '''{{sc|Ó}}''', and '''{{sc|Ø}}''' used in some non-Latin alphabets.}} copied over from [[American Morse code|American Morse landline code]].
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; Keyboard "at" sign [@] : On 24 May 2004 – the 160th anniversary of the first public Morse telegraph transmission – the Radiocommunication Bureau of the International Telecommunication Union ([[ITU-R]]) formally added the ['''@'''] ("[[commercial at]]" or "commat") character to the official Morse character set, using the sequence denoted by the {{sc| {{overline|AC}} }} digraph: {{morse|dot|dash|dash|dot|dash|dot}} .<ref name=ITU-R-M-1677/><ref name=ARRL-News-2003-12-10/>
: This sequence was reported to have been chosen to represent "A[t] C[ommercial]", or a letter "a" inside a swirl represented by a letter "C". The new character facilitates sending [[email|e‑mail]] addresses by Morse code, and is notable since it is the first official addition to the Morse set of characters since [[World War I]].<ref name=ARRL-News-2003-12-10/>
; Percent [%] and permille [‰] signs
: [[Percent sign|Percent]] and [[Per mille sign|permille]] signs should be encoded with zeroes and slash. From the preceding number they should be separated by dash, so e.g. “2%” would be transcribed as “2-0/0”.<ref name=ITU-R-M-1677/>
===Diacritics and non-Latin extensions <span class="anchor" id="Non-Latin extensions"></span>===
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