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=== Invention ===
The modern binary number system, the basis for binary code, is an invention by [[Gottfried Leibniz]] in 1689 and appears in his article ''Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire (''English: ''Explanation of the Binary Arithmetic'') which uses only the characters 1 and 0, and some remarks on its usefulness. Leibniz's system uses 0 and 1, like the modern binary numeral system. Binary numerals were central to Leibniz's intellectual and theological ideas. He believed that binary numbers were symbolic of the Christian idea of ''[[creatio ex nihilo]]'' or creation out of nothing.<ref name="on">{{cite book |author1=Yuen-Ting Lai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9dOmVt81UAC&pg=PA149 |title=Leibniz, Mysticism and Religion |publisher=Springer |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7923-5223-5 |pages=149–150}}</ref><ref name="lnz">Leibniz G., Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire, Die Mathematische Schriften, ed. C. Gerhardt, Berlin 1879, vol.7, p.223; Engl. transl.[http://www.leibniz-translations.com/binary.htm]</ref> In Leibniz's view, binary numbers represented a fundamental form of creation, reflecting the simplicity and unity of the divine.<ref name="lnz" /> Leibniz was also attempting to find a way to translate logical reasoning into pure mathematics. He viewed the binary system as a means of simplifying complex logical and mathematical processes, believing that it could be used to express all concepts of arithmetic and logic.<ref name="lnz" />
=== Previous Ideas ===
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