Giovanni Arduino: Difference between revisions

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Arduino developed possibly the first classification of geological time, based on study of the geology of northern [[Italy]]. He divided the history of the Earth into three periods: Primitive, Secondary, and [[Tertiary period|Tertiary]].

[[File:Giovanni Arduino geological section Valle dell'Agno.jpg|thumb|left|Arduino's [[stratigraphic section]] in the [[province of Vicenza]] (pen and ink) 1758]]

The scheme proposed by Arduino in 1759,<ref name=Bates>{{cite book|author-link=Marston Bates|last=Bates|first=Marston|title=The Nature of Natural History|page=51|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|___location=New York|year=1950}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arduino |first1=Giovanni |title=Lettera Segonda di Giovanni Arduino … sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte in diverse parti del territorio di Vicenza, ed altrove, apparenenti alla Teoria terrestre, ed alla Mineralogia |journal=Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli Scientifici e Filologici [New collection of scientific and philogical pamphlets] |date=1760 |volume=6 |pages=133 (cxxxiii)–180(clxxx) |trans-title=Second letter of Giovani Arduino … on his various observations made in different parts of the territory of Vincenza, and elsewhere, concerning the theory of the earth and mineralogy |language=it}} Available at: [https://bibdig.museogalileo.it/Teca/Viewer;jsessionid=3160EE486323866602B9590459D7111B?an=323812_6 Museo Galileo (Florence (Firenze), Italy)] From p. 158 (clviii): ''"Per quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare, la serie di questi strati, che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra, mi pare distinta in quattro ordini generali, e successivi, senza considerarvi il mare."'' (As far as I have been able to observe, the series of these layers that compose the visible crust of the earth seems to me distinct in four general orders, and successive, not considering the sea.), (English translation: by {{cite journalTheodore |last1=Ell, |first1=Theodore |title=''Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2.'' |journal=in ''Earth Sciences History'' |date=journal (2012), Volume |volume=31, Issue |issue=2, page |pages=168–192|, doi= 10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751, |bibcode= 2012ESHis..31..168E }}.</ref> which was based on much study of rocks of the southern [[Alps]], grouped the rocks into four series. These were (in addition to the Volcanic or Quaternary) as follows: the Primary series, which consisted of [[schist]]s from the core of the mountains; the Secondary, which consisted of the hard [[sedimentary rock]]s on the mountain flanks; and the Tertiary, which consisted of the less hardened sedimentary rocks of the foothills. Because this arrangement did not always hold true for mountain ranges other than the Alps, the Primary and the Secondary were dropped in the general case. However, the term 'Tertiary' has persisted in geological literature until its recent replacement by the [[Palaeogene]] and [[Neogene]] periods. The last period of the [[Cenozoic]] Era is still known as the [[Quaternary]] period. The Cenozoic was studied and further determined by, among others, the English geologist (and mentor of [[Charles Darwin]]) [[Charles Lyell]].<ref name=Bates/>

==References==