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[[File:PhD Comics Open Access Week 2012.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=5:44|A [[Piled Higher and Deeper|''PhD Comics'']] introduction to open access]]
'''Open access''' ('''OA''') is a set of principles and a range of practices through which nominally [[copyright ]]able publications are delivered to readers free of access charges or other barriers.<ref name="suber overview">{{Cite web |last=Suber |first=Peter |title=Open Access Overview |url=http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519103647/http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm |archive-date=19 May 2007 |access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or [[Gratis versus libre|libre]] open access, barriers to copying or reuse are also reduced or removed by applying an [[open license]] for copyright, which regulates post-publication uses of the work.<ref name="suber overview" />
The main focus of the open access movement has been on "[[peer review]]ed research literature", and more specifically on [[academic journal]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Alma |date=2012 |title=Policy guidelines for the development and promotion of open access |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000215863 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414001646/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000215863 |archive-date=14 April 2019 |access-date=14 April 2019 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> This is because:
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