Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 06:32, 7 August 2025

Revision as of 06:40, 7 August 2025

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| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]]<ref name="Ada_RM_2012">Ada Reference Manual – Language and Standard Libraries; ISO/IEC 8652:201x (E), {{cite web |url=http://www.ada-auth.org/standards/12rm/RM-Final.pdf |title=Reference Manual |access-date=2013-07-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427190723/http://www.ada-auth.org/standards/12rm/RM-Final.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-27 }}</ref>

| <{{code>|range -2**7 .. 2**7 - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}}

| <{{code>|range 0 .. 2**8 - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}} or <{{code>|mod 2**8</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_mod|[k]}}

| <{{code>|range -2**15 .. 2**15 - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}}

| <{{code>|range 0 .. 2**16 - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}} or <{{code>|mod 2**16</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_mod|[k]}}

| <{{code>|range -2**31 .. 2**31 - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}}

| <{{code>|range 0 .. 2**32 - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}} or <{{code>|mod 2**32</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_mod|[k]}}

| <{{code>|range -2**63 .. 2**63 - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}}

| <{{code>|mod 2**64</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_mod|[k]}}

| <code>Integer</code>{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}}

| <{{code>|range 0 .. 2**Integer'<wbr/>Size - 1</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_range|[j]}} or <{{code>|mod Integer'<wbr/>Size</code>|ada}}{{ref|Ada_mod|[k]}}

| {{n/a}}

|-

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| [[Fortran]]

| <{{code>|INTEGER<wbr/>(KIND {{=}} n)</code>|fortran}}{{ref|Kinds|[f]}}

| {{n/a}}

| <{{code>|INTEGER<wbr/>(KIND {{=}} n)</code>|fortran}}{{ref|Kinds|[f]}}

| {{n/a}}

| <{{code>|INTEGER<wbr/>(KIND {{=}} n)</code>|fortran}}{{ref|Kinds|[f]}}

| {{n/a}}

| <{{code>|INTEGER<wbr/>(KIND {{=}} n)</code>|fortran}}{{ref|Kinds|[f]}}

| {{n/a}}

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* {{note|Cobol|h}} [[COBOL]] allows the specification of a required precision and will automatically select an available type capable of representing the specified precision. "<code>PIC S9999</code>", for example, would require a signed variable of four decimal digits precision. If specified as a binary field, this would select a 16-bit signed type on most platforms.

* {{note|Smalltalk|i}} [[Smalltalk]] automatically chooses an appropriate representation for integral numbers. Typically, two representations are present, one for integers fitting the native word size minus any tag bit ({{mono|SmallInteger}}) and one supporting arbitrary sized integers ({{mono|LargeInteger}}). Arithmetic operations support polymorphic arguments and return the result in the most appropriate compact representation.

* {{note|Ada_range|j}} [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]] range types are checked for boundary violations at run-time (as well as at compile-time for static expressions). Run-time boundary violations raise a "constraint error" exception. Ranges are not restricted to powers of two. Commonly predefined Integer subtypes are: Positive (<{{code>|range 1 .. Integer'Last</code>|ada}}) and Natural (<{{code>|range 0 .. Integer'Last</code>|ada}}). <code>Short_Short_Integer</code> (8 bits), <code>Short_Integer</code> (16 bits) and <code>Long_Integer</code> (64 bits) are also commonly predefined, but not required by the Ada standard. Runtime checks can be disabled if performance is more important than integrity checks.

* {{note|Ada mod|k}} [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]] modulo types implement modulo arithmetic in all operations, i.e. no range violations are possible. Modulos are not restricted to powers of two.

* {{note|Scala char|l}} Commonly used for characters like Java's char.