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== Ancient African philosophy ==
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[[File:Kongo Cosmogram 3.png|thumb|The Bakongo Cosmogram]]
In traditional [[Kongo religion|Bakongo religion]], the five elements are incorporated into the [[Kongo cosmogram]]. This sacred symbol also depicts the physical world (''Nseke''), the spiritual world of the ancestors (''Mpémba''), the [[Kalunga line|Kalûnga line]] that runs between the two worlds, the circular void that originally formed the two worlds (''mbûngi''), and [[Sun path|the path of the sun]]. Each element correlates to a period in the life cycle, which the Bakongo people also equate to the four [[cardinal direction]]s. According to their cosmology, all living things go through this cycle.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fu-Kiau |first=Kimbwandènde Kia Bunseki |url=http://archive.org/details/africancosmology00kimb |title=African cosmology of the Bântu-Kôngo : tying the spiritual knot : principles of life & living |date=2001 |___location=Brooklyn, N.Y. |publisher=Athelia Henrietta Press, Pub. |isbn=978-1-890157-28-9}}</ref>
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