Joint All-Domain Command and Control: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:38, 21 July 2025

Revision as of 17:06, 8 August 2025

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In July 2020, the Department of Defense carried out a second test of the JADC2 system. In the course of this exercise, planes from the Air Force communicated with naval vessels that were stationed in the [[Black Sea]]. Additionally, special operations personnel from eight other [[NATO]] nations and a simulated environment collaborated to deter a possible attack from [[Russia]].<ref name=":0" />

In November 2022, ABMS experiments showed how JADC2 is really [[United States Army Combined Arms Center|§ combined arms]]. —Brig. Gen. Jeffery Valenzia (USAF [[United States Army Futures Command#Cross-functional teams|CFT]] lead for JADC2) <ref name= jadc2Cd >Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2022/11/17/how-the-pentagon-knows-when-jadc2-innovations-are-working/ (17 Nov 2022) How the Pentagon knows when JADC2 innovations are working] by introducing benchmarks: "The benchmarks include data on how technologies speed or slow decision making, how many errors are introduced, the variance among available options and potential weak spots or pitfalls" —Jeffery Valenzia.</ref><ref name= networkCentricZeroTrust >Michael Marrow [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/07/network-centric-security-killing-us-on-jadc2-initiatives-usaf-general/ (11 Jul 2023) 'Network-centric' security 'killing us' on JADC2 initiatives: USAF general] Cropsey on C3BM </ref>

== Infrastructure ==

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***{{anchor|cjadc2Oct2020}} Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville will discuss the combination of MDO{{efn |name= mdoExplainer}} and JADC2 with Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown.<ref name="convergenceChiefs">{{Cite web|title=Army to build on results from first Project Convergence exercise|url=https://www.army.mil/article/239363/army_to_build_on_results_from_first_project_convergence_exercise|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref> In October 2020 the Chiefs agreed that Futures Command, and the Air Force's A5 office will lead a two-year collaboration 'at the most "basic levels" by defining mutual standards for data sharing and service interfacing' in the development of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2).<ref name="afcA5Cjadc2">{{Cite web|title=Army, Air Force form partnership, lay foundation for CJADC2 interoperability|url=https://www.army.mil/article/239598/army_air_force_form_partnership_lay_foundation_for_cjadc2_interoperability|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref>

**** The ability of the joint services to send data from machine to machine was exercised in front of several of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in April 2021; this is a prerequisite capability for Convergence of MDO and JADC2.<ref name=aberdeenApr2021 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/new-army-lab-tests-joint-tech-project-convergence/ (20 Apr 2021) New Army Lab Tests Joint Tech: Project Convergence] Joint Systems Integration Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground</ref><ref name = jsilPc21Jadc2Povermatch >Joseph Lacdan [https://www.army.mil/article/245164 (17 Apr 2021) Service leaders prioritize integration in joint effort to achieve overmatch] JSIL, Aberdeen: Preparation of data fabric for Project Convergence, ABMS JADC2, and Project Overmatch: Army - Air Force - Navy</ref><ref name= usafJadc2Contractors >Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2022/09/23/siemens-29-others-added-to-air-forces-950-million-jadc2-contract/ (23 Sep 2022) Siemens, 29 others added to Air Force’s $950 million JADC2 contract]</ref>

* In July 2022 the 7th ASA(ALT) Doug Bush called for the formation of a large office on the scale of the Joint Counter-small UAS office, but for JADC2.<ref name= asaaltJadc2 >Jaspreet Gill [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/07/army-acquisition-exec-pushes-for-joint-jadc2-office-large-scale-exercise/ (11 Jul 2022) Army acquisition exec pushes for joint JADC2 office, large-scale exercise]</ref> This would coordinate,<ref name= bong >Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2022/07/11/pentagons-secret-jadc2-plan-evolving-official-says-as-lawmakers-seek-audit/ (11 Jul 2022) Pentagon’s secret JADC2 plan 'evolving', official says, as lawmakers seek audit] "The oversight will inform future support and is not meant to be punitive".</ref> and eventually reconcile requirements for JADC2 for Army’sArmy's Project Convergence, the Navy’sNavy's Project Overmatch and the Air Force’sForce's Advanced Battle Management System.<ref name= asaaltJadc2 /><ref name= largerIntegrator >Valerie Insinna [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/07/air-forces-sixth-gen-fighter-downselect-not-all-that-far-away-says-kendall/ (17 Jul 2022) Air Force’s sixth-gen fighter downselect ‘not all that far away,’ says Kendall] Air Force's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) will have a private company as prime contractor, but the US government will probably be the prime contractor for integrating efforts involving collaborative combat aircraft (drones), NGAD, and [[AIM-260 JATM|AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile]]. —USAF Secretary Frank Kendall</ref><ref name= ppbe2023 >Travis Sharp, CSBA [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/10/jadc2-spending-is-sprawling-dod-should-keep-watch-but-let-it-go/ (20 Oct 2022) JADC2 spending is sprawling. DoD should keep watch, but Let It Go.] Planning, Programming, Budgeting & Execution Process (PPBE) ~ $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion in FY2023 for 30 initiatives in JADC2.</ref><ref name= jadc2Works>Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2022/10/21/project-convergence-shows-jadc2-alignment-leaders-from-3-services-say/ (21 Oct 2022) Project Convergence shows JADC2 alignment, leaders from 3 services say] Interoperations "show the services are aligned and not disjointed".</ref> ''See [[Joint Artificial Intelligence Center#CDAO|CDAO]]''

{{anchor|JWC 3.0 coming}}In April 2023 Joint Warfighting Concept 3.0 ([[Reorganization plan of United States Army#Modernizing the Army|JWC]] 3.0) was previewed.<ref name= jwc3Coming >Laura Heckmann [https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2023/4/5/joint-warfighting-concept-30-definitely-coming-official-says (5 Apr 2023) SEA-AIR-SPACE NEWS: Joint Warfighting Concept 3.0 'Definitely Coming', Official Says] [[Heidi Shyu]]</ref> JWC 2.0 involved '°fires, °information, °logistics, and °command and control'.<ref name= jwc3Coming /> Released 27 August 2023, JWC 3.0 additionally involves °the ability to win in contested logistics,°information advantage, and °expanded maneuver. —ADM Christopher Grady.<ref name= jwc3Evolving>Jon Harper [https://defensescoop.com/2023/09/13/us-military-publishes-new-joint-warfighting-doctrine/ (13 Sep 2023) US military publishes new joint warfighting doctrine] Joint Warfighting Concept 3.0 was released 27 Aug 2023 as Joint Publication 1, Volume 1 —Joint Warfighting. An evolving Capability.</ref> Employment of crewed-uncrewed teaming to 'sense and make sense' of the situation, and to make that information rapidly available to the commanders will be an essential part of the Capability. Future Force Design is underway.<ref name= jwc3Evolving/><ref name= predecisionalUnderway >Ashley Rocque [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/09/good-healthy-debate-eyeing-the-indo-pacific-army-leaders-grapple-with-force-structure-shake-up/ (14 Sep 2023) 'Good, healthy debate': Eyeing the Indo-Pacific, Army leaders grapple with force structure shake up] [[James Rainey]]</ref>

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{{anchor|NDSA}}{{anchor|PWSA}}

[[File:National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA) Transport layer.webp|thumb|right|Transport layer of the National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA)<ref name= ndsaCoverage2025 >Armament Facts [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MdL5niEIdE (21 Jul 2022) How The New Hypersonic Weapons Tracking Constellation Will Work] 16:45 minutes. 2 awards, each of 14 satellites due to launch in 2025.</ref>

<ref name= tranche0 > Theresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/01/sda-to-demo-tracking-targeting-satellites-in-2022/ (21 Jan 2020) SDA To Demo Tracking & Targeting Satellites In 2022] Tranche0 Link-16. Summary of '''7-layer architecture'''.</ref>]]

JADC2 confers on the US the capability to "move data globally at scale". —Gen. [[Chance Saltzman]], US Space Force<ref name= mar23Launch >Theresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/03/space-development-agency-readies-launch-of-first-satellites-for-comms-missile-tracking/ (29 Mar 2023) Space Development Agency readies launch of first satellites for comms, missile tracking]</ref> <ref name= swacDesign >Theresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/04/space-force-wraps-initial-plan-for-building-hybrid-commercial-military-outernet/ (26 Apr 2023) Space Force wraps initial plan for building 'hybrid' commercial/military 'outernet'] </ref><ref name= swacTransportLayer >Courtney Albon [https://www.defensenews.com/video/2023/04/26/the-us-is-rethinking-national-security-space-architecture-is-it-moving-fast-enough/ (26 Apr 2023) The US is rethinking national security space architecture. Is it moving fast enough?] 38:21 video. Col. Eric Felt; Mr. Nicholas Eftimiades</ref><ref name= outernet >Courtney Albon [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/space/2023/04/26/space-force-eyes-outernet-for-better-data-flow-in-orbit/ (26 Apr 2023) Space Force eyes 'outernet' for better data flow in orbit] Space Warfighting Analysis Center (SWAC) has analyzed Transport layer needs: Col. Felt. Use mesh networking, use commercial vendors</ref> By year-end 2025 there will be 126 [[Link-16]] satellites operating in orbit, transmitting data in a world-wide [[mesh network]].<ref name= 126link16Sats >Theresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2024/03/sdas-data-rely-missile-tracking-networks-to-be-operational-by-end-of-2025-tournear/ (18 Mar 2024) SDA’s data relay, missile tracking networks to be operational by end of 2025: Tournear]</ref>

==Notes and References ==

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* [[Command and control|C4I]]

* [[Defense Technical Information Center]]

{{Congressional Research Service|article = Joint All-Domain Command and Control: Background and Issues for Congress |url = https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46725/2|author = John R. Hoehn|accessdate=2022-07-06}}