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[[George Boole]] published a paper in 1847 called 'The Mathematical Analysis of Logic' that describes an algebraic system of logic, now known as [[Boolean algebra (logic)|Boolean algebra]]. Boole's system was based on binary, a yes-no, on-off approach that consisted of the three most basic operations: AND, OR, and NOT.<ref name="Boolean operations">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/boolean.htm|title=What's So Logical About Boolean Algebra?|website=www.kerryr.net}}</ref> This system was not put into use until a graduate student from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], [[Claude Shannon]], noticed that the Boolean algebra he learned was similar to an electric circuit. In 1937, Shannon wrote his master's thesis, ''[[A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits]]'', which implemented his findings. Shannon's thesis became a starting point for the use of the binary code in practical applications such as computers, electric circuits, and more.<ref name="Claude Shannon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/shannon.htm|title=Claude Shannon (1916 - 2001)|website=www.kerryr.net}}</ref>
==Alternatives to bit string==
{{original research|section|date=March 2015}}
[[File:Bagua-name-earlier.svg|thumb|Daoist Bagua]]
A binary code can be rendered using any two distinguishable indications. In addition to the bit string, other notable ways to render a binary code are described below.
; Braille: [[Braille]] is a
▲[[Braille]] is a type of binary code that is widely used by the blind to read and write by touch, named for its creator, Louis Braille. This system consists of grids of six dots each, three per column, in which each dot has two states: raised or not raised. The different combinations of raised and flattened dots are capable of representing all letters, numbers, and punctuation signs.
; Bagua {{anchor|BaGua}}: The ''[[bagua]]''
▲The ''[[bagua]]'' are diagrams used in ''[[feng shui]],'' [[Taoist]] [[cosmology]] and ''[[I Ching]]'' studies. The ''ba gua'' consists of 8 trigrams; ''bā'' meaning 8 and ''guà'' meaning divination figure. The same word is used for the 64 guà (hexagrams). Each figure combines three lines (''yáo'') that are either broken ([[Yin and yang|''yin'']]) or unbroken (''yang''). The relationships between the trigrams are represented in two arrangements, the primordial, "Earlier Heaven" or "Fuxi" ''bagua'', and the manifested, "Later Heaven", or "King Wen" ''bagua''.<ref name='wilhelm'>{{cite book |last=Wilhelm |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Wilhelm (sinologist) |others=trans. by [[Cary F. Baynes]], foreword by [[C. G. Jung]], preface to 3rd ed. by [[Hellmut Wilhelm]] (1967) |title=The I Ching or Book of Changes |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1950 |___location=Princeton, NJ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbU9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA266 |isbn=978-0-691-09750-3 |pages=266, 269}}</ref> (See also, the [[King Wen sequence]] of the 64 hexagrams).
; Ifá, Ilm Al-Raml and Geomancy{{anchor|Ifá}}: The [[Ifá]]/Ifé system of divination in African religions, such as of [[Yoruba people |Yoruba]], [[Igbo people |Igbo]], and [[Ewe people |Ewe]], consists of an elaborate traditional ceremony producing 256 oracles made up by 16 symbols with 256 = 16 x 16.
▲The [[Ifá]]/Ifé system of divination in African religions, such as of [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]], [[Igbo people|Igbo]], and [[Ewe people|Ewe]], consists of an elaborate traditional ceremony producing 256 oracles made up by 16 symbols with 256 = 16 x 16. An initiated priest, or [[Babalawo]], who had memorized oracles, would request sacrifice from consulting clients and make prayers. Then, divination nuts or a pair of chains are used to produce random binary numbers,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olupona |first=Jacob K. |title=African Religions: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-979058-6 |___location=Oxford |pages=45 |oclc=839396781}}</ref> which are drawn with sandy material on an "Opun" figured wooden tray representing the totality of fate.
==Coding systems==
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