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{{AfC submission|t||ts=20250818180630|u=Pierre75000|ns=118|demo=}}
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'''Automated Fault Analysis''' ('''AFA''') is a software-based approach used in the electrical power industry to detect, localize, and diagnose faults in [[Electric power transmission|transmission]] and [[Electric power distribution|distribution]] systems. By analyzing digital disturbance recordings collected from [[Substation|substations]] and field equipment, AFA aims to improve grid reliability, reduce [[power outage]] durations, and support operational decision-making.
== Overview ==
Automated Fault Analysis systems collect and interpret data from [[Intelligent electronic device|Intelligent Electronic Devices]] (IEDs), such as Digital Fault Recorders (DFRs), [[Protective relay|Protection Relays]], and Power Quality Meters. These systems process standardized event data to reconstruct the sequence of events, identify the nature and ___location of faults, and notify grid operators with actionable insights.
AFA is often integrated into wider energy monitoring environments such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA SCADA] (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), Energy Management Systems (EMS), and Wide-Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS).
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Typical functions of an AFA system include:
* Automatic collection of event and fault records from [[Substation|substations]]
* Grouping and synchronization of time-stamped data from multiple devices
* Fault classification (e.g., line-to-ground, line-to-line, etc.)
* Location estimation using [[Electrical impedance|impedance]]-based or travelling-wave methods
* Post-event analysis and protection scheme verification
* Reporting and alerting to operations, engineering, and maintenance teams
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* Reduced time for fault localization and response
* Enhanced [[Situation awareness|situational awareness]] for control room operators
* More consistent and repeatable fault diagnostics
* Increased efficiency in maintenance planning and root-cause analysis
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