Genetic code: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:49, 23 August 2025

Latest revision as of 15:27, 25 August 2025

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In May 2019, researchers reported the creation of a new "Syn61" strain of the ''E. coli'' bacteria. This strain has a fully [[Synthetic biology#Synthetic life|synthetic]] genome that is refactored (all overlaps expanded), recoded (removing the use of three out of 64 codons completely), and further modified to remove the now unnecessary tRNAs and release factors. It is fully [[Genetic viability|viable]] and grows 1.6× slower than its wild-type counterpart "[[Escherichia coli#MDS42|MDS42]]".<ref name="Zimmer_2019">{{cite news | vauthors = Zimmer C | title = Scientists Created Bacteria With a Synthetic Genome. Is This Artificial Life? - In a milestone for synthetic biology, colonies of E. coli thrive with DNA constructed from scratch by humans, not nature. | date = 15 May 2019 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/science/synthetic-genome-bacteria.html | archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/science/synthetic-genome-bacteria.html | archive-date = 2022-01-02 | url-access = limited | url-status = live | work = [[The New York Times]] | access-date = 16 May 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Fredens_2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fredens J, Wang K, de la Torre D, Funke LF, Robertson WE, Christova Y, Chia T, Schmied WH, Dunkelmann DL, Beránek V, Uttamapinant C, Llamazares AG, Elliott TS, Chin JW | title = Total synthesis of Escherichia coli with a recoded genome | journal = Nature | volume = 569 | issue = 7757 | pages = 514–518 | date = May 2019 | pmid = 31092918 | pmc = 7039709 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-019-1192-5 | s2cid = 205571025 | bibcode = 2019Natur.569..514F }}</ref>

In 2025, researchers reported a new "Syn57" strain, which removes the use of 7 out of 64 codons completely.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Robertson WE, Rehm FB, Spinck M, Schumann RL, Tian R, Liu W, Gu Y, Kleefeldt AA, Day CF, Liu KC, Christova Y, Zürcher JF, Böge FL, Birnbaum J, van Bijsterveldt L, Chin JW | title = <i>Escherichia coli</i> with a 57-codon genetic code | journal = Science | article-number = eady4368 | date = July 2025 | pmid = 40743368 | doi = 10.1126/science.ady4368 | biorxiv = 10.1101/2025.05.02.651837 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

==Features==