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The Full MVNO has a switching and transmission infrastructure allowing the management of its traffic. It can administer numbering resources, customer service, VAS, Roaming, SIM and device management and other services required for the provision of mobile services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mvno.services/mvno-academy/mvno-types-and-operational-models/#What_is_a_Full_MVNO |title=What is a Full MVNO? |date=31 October 2024 |publisher=MVNO.SERVICES, Allan Rasmussen |access-date=2014-12-04}}</ref>
While Light MVNOs are often chosen for their speed to market and lower infrastructure requirements, making them attractive to brands with established customer bases but limited telecom expertise, Full MVNOs invest in their own core systems, numbering resources, and subscriber management platforms. This allows them greater independence in designing tariffs, deploying services, and differentiating their offerings, but comes with higher costs and longer setup times. The choice between Light and Full models is therefore shaped by trade-offs between agility and control, with each suited to different business strategies and levels of technical investment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lifecycle-software.com/resources/light-and-full-mvno-what-is-the-difference |title=Light and Full MVNO. What is the difference? |date=27 August 2025 |publisher=Lifecycle Software |access-date=2025-08-27}}</ref>
==Around the world==
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At the end of year 2022, there were 1,986 active MVNOs globally, more than double the amount of traditional telecom network operators. Europe lead in terms of most active MVNOs in operation with 1,012, representing half of the total global MVNO market. It is followed by Americas with 379 MVNOs, Asia with 322, International with 131, Oceania with 84, Africa with 54 and Middle East with 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yozzo.com/industry-news/mvna-mvne-mvno/at-the-end-of-2022-there-were-1986-active-mvnos-globally/ |title=At the end of 2022 there were 1986 active MVNOs globally |date=17 February 2023 |publisher=Yozzo, Allan Rasmussen |access-date=2023-02-18}}</ref>
In 2025, the MVNO market is set for steady growth over the next few years, with the number of subscriptions worldwide increasing at a CAGR of 3.6% between 2023 and 2029, according to forecasts by Omdia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://omdia.tech.informa.com/pr/2025/feb/mvno-market-on-the-rise-as-global-subscriptions-to-grow-3point6-percent-cagr-by-2029 |title=Omdia: MVNO market on the rise as global subscriptions to grow 3.6% CAGR by 2029 |date=5 February 2025 |publisher=OMDIA |access-date=2025-08-27}}</ref>
=== Multinational MVNOs ===
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