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The papermaker [[James Whatman (papermaker)|James Whatman]] the Elder (1702–1759) founded the Whatman papermaking enterprise in 1740 in [[Maidstone]], [[Kent]], England. He made revolutionary advances to the craft in England and is credited<ref name=bywho/> as the inventor of [[wove paper]] (or Vélin), an innovation used for high-quality art and printing. His son, James Whatman the Younger (1741–1798), further developed the company's techniques.<ref name="Roberts">{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=Matt T. |last2=Etherington |first2=Don |title=Bookbinding and the conservation of books: A dictionary of descriptive terminology |url=https://archive.org/details/bookbindingconse0000robe |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |isbn=978-0-8444-0366-3 |chapter=Whatman, James (1741–1798) |date=2011-11-19 |access-date=2016-09-02 |url-access=registration}}</ref> At a time when the craft was based in smaller [[paper mill]]s, Whatman innovations led to the large-scale and widespread industrialisation of paper manufacturing.
[[John Baskerville]] (1707–1775), who needed paper that would take a light impression of the printing plate, approached Whatman; the resultant paper was used for the edition of [[Virgil]]'s poetry, embellished with Baskerville's typography and designs.<ref name="Roberts"/> The earliest examples of wove paper, bearing his [[watermark]], appeared after 1740.<ref name="NGA">{{cite web |url=http://nga.gov.au/Conservation/Watermarks/listing.cfm |title=Watermark and countermark library |year=2010 |work=Conservation |publisher=[[National Gallery of Australia]] |access-date=2010-11-29 |archive-date=2010-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129061440/http://nga.gov.au/Conservation/Watermarks/listing.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Whatman [[business]] is credited with the invention of the wove wire mesh used to mould and align pulp fibres.<ref name=bywho>{{Cite ODNB |title=Whatman, James (1702–1759), paper maker |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-40776 |access-date=2020-08-30 |year=2004 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/40776 |last1=Baker |first1=Anne Pimlott}}</ref> This is the principal method used in the mass production of most modern paper. The Whatmans held a part interest in the establishment at Turkey Mill, near Maidstone, after 1740;<ref name=EarlyYears/> this was wholly acquired through the elder Whatman's marriage to Ann Harris.<ref name=bywho/>
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