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One of the most significant shifts in recent years has been the adoption of Software-Defined Architectures (SDA), which decouple hardware from [[software]], allowing systems to be more flexible and adaptable to changing requirements.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Zeng |first=Ruiqi |last2=Niu |first2=Yiru |last3=Zhao |first3=Yue |last4=Peng |first4=Haiyang |date=2022 |editor-last=Liu |editor-first=Shuai |editor2-last=Ma |editor2-first=Xuefei |title=Software Architecture Evolution and Technology Research |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-94551-0_54 |journal=Advanced Hybrid Information Processing |language=en |___location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=708–720 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-94551-0_54 |isbn=978-3-030-94551-0|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This trend is particularly evident in network architectures, where [[Software-defined networking|Software-Defined Networking (SDN)]]{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} and [[Network function virtualization|Network Function Virtualization (NFV)]] enable more dynamic management of [[Network topology|network]] resources.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Ziemann |first=Jörg |title=Enterprise Architecture in a Nutshell |date=2022 |work=Fundamentals of Enterprise Architecture Management: Foundations for Steering the Enterprise-Wide Digital System |pages=23–60 |editor-last=Ziemann |editor-first=Jörg |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-96734-5_2 |access-date=2025-03-03 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-96734-5_2 |isbn=978-3-030-96734-5|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
In addition, AI-enhanced system architectures have gained traction, leveraging machine learning for [[predictive maintenance]], [[anomaly detection]], and automated system optimization. The rise of [[Cyber-physical system|cyber-physical systems (CPS)]] and digital twins has further extended system architecture principles beyond traditional computing, integrating real-world data into virtual models for better decision-making.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Michaels |first=Paul |date=2022 |title=Software Architecture by Example |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4842-7990-8 |journal=SpringerLink |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4842-7990-8|doi-access=free }}</ref>
With the rise of [[edge computing]], system architectures now focus on [[decentralization]] and [[real-time processing]], reducing dependency on centralized data centers and improving latency-sensitive applications such as [[autonomous vehicles]], [[robotics]], and [[Internet of things|IoT networks]].<ref name=":0" />
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