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==Origin==
[[Image:Bogomilen-Schrein Travnik crop (jha).jpg|thumb|220px|right|Bogomil [[shrine]] in [[Travnik]], [[Bosnia]].]]▼
The now defunct [[Gnosticism|Gnostic]] social-religious movement and doctrine originated in the time of [[Peter I of Bulgaria]] ([[927]] – [[969]]) as a reaction against state and clerical oppression. In spite of all measures of repression, it remained strong and popular until the fall of Bulgaria in the end of the [[14th century]].
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==Doctrine==
▲[[Image:Bogomilen-Schrein Travnik crop (jha).jpg|thumb|220px|right|Bogomil [[shrine]] in [[Travnik]], [[Bosnia]].]]
From the imperfect and conflicting data which are available one positive result can be gathered: that the Bogomils were both [[Adoptionism|Adoptionists]] and [[Manichaeism|Manichaeans]]. They had accepted the teaching of [[Paul of Samosata]], though at a later period the name of Paul was believed to be that of the [[Apostle]]; and they were not quite free from the Dualistic principle of the [[Gnostics]], at a later period too much identified with the teaching of [[Mani (prophet)|Mani]], by [[Photius]], [[Petrus Siculus]], and other authors. They rejected the Christianity of the orthodox churches and did not accept the [[Docetism|docetic]] teaching of some of the other sects. Taking as our starting-point the teaching of the heretical sects in Ruthenia, notably those of the 14th century, which are a direct continuation of the doctrines held by the Bogomils, we find that they denied the divine birth of [[Christ]], the personal coexistence of the Son with the Father and [[Holy Ghost]], and the validity of [[sacraments]] and ceremonies. They rejected the title of [[theotokos]] (mother of God), and refused all veneration to [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Mary]]. The miracles performed by Jesus were interpreted in a spiritual sense, not as real material occurrences; the Church was the in-tenor spiritual church in which all held equal share. [[Baptism]] was only to be practised on grown men and women. The Bogomils repudiated infant baptism, and considered the baptismal rite to be of a spiritual character neither by water nor by oil but by [[self-abnegation]], [[prayer]]s and [[chanting]] of [[hymn]]s.
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