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'''Jounieh''' ({{arabo| جونيه|Jūniyah}}) e' una città del [[Libano]], di circa 99 mila abitanti, capoluogo del [[Distretto di Kisrawan]]. Si trova sul [[Mediterraneo ]] a circa 17 km a nord di [[Beirut]].
{{portale|Libano}}
[[Maronite]] Catholic Church. Its inhabitants are predominantly Maronite and it's thus known to be the largest Maronite city in the world.
==History==
[[Image:JouniehNorth.jpg|left|thumb|North Jounieh.]]
In the sixth part of ''The Introduction to Jounieh in the Mid Nineteenth Century'', Professor [[Butrus al-Bustani|Butrus Al-Boustani]] said: “Jounieh is a place on the [[Keserwan District|Keserwan]] coast which has warehouses, stores, and a dye house. Ships and boats bring supplies and its grain trade is very popular. Thus a district of the following villages: Sarba, Ghadir, and Harat Sakhr was named for it. Its total population is 2,500. Jounieh itself is not a residential area but mainly a commercial district whose workers come from neighboring towns.”
Jounieh was connected with neighboring areas by roads built for carriages. So it was connected with Bikirki and beyond it during the rule of Dawud Basha, the ruler of Mount Lebanon. It was connected to Ghazir between [[1867]] and [[1868]] despite the objection of Ghazir’s residents. Another road connected Jounieh to the Beirut Bridge during the rule of Rustum Basha. To the north it was connected by a carriage’s road until [[Batroun]] during the rule of Wasa Basha ([[1883]]-[[1892]]). In 1892, Jounieh was connected to [[Beirut]] via a railroad that had stations between the two locations, three of which in Jounieh and its environs: Sarba, Jounieh, and Mu’amilitain at the end of the line, which facilitated the transportation of goods and passengers from and to the Governorate of Beirut. In [[1876]], the number of shops exceeded 300, five silk factories, three rest houses, a mill, three juice factories, an artificial ice factory, a bank known by its owner's name "Bank Baghos", and a group of small sailboat construction sites.
In [[1906]], according to the ''Guide to Lebanon'' by Ibrahim Beik Al-Soud, the population of Jounieh was 2,400, and it had a silk factory owned by the Nasras, a silkworms choker owned by Moussa de Franj, a silk factory owned by the heirs of Rizkallah and Abdul Ahad Khadra which had 190 wheels and produced 10,000 cocoons, 330 domestic animals, and owned 80 carriages.[[Image:Jounieh Bay.jpg|thumb|The Jounieh Bay, looking south.]]
According to the records of the Kiserwan Governorate, the town of Ghadir, in [[1914]], had 433 corporations and its population was 1,263. The town of Sarba had 213 commercial institutions and its population was 1,714. In Harat Sakhr, there were 165 corporations and its population was 808. In Sahil ‘Alma, there were 21 corporations its population reached 187. Jounieh had seen noticeable prosperity after France and the [[Maronite]] Patriarchy supported the opening a port for commercial ships which became (with the Al-Nabi Younes Port on the Chouf Coast) the official port of Mount Lebanon.
In [[1913]] and during the Mandate era, Jounieh suffered economic decline and recession as the French administration moved part of Jounieh’s administrative role to the Capital, Beirut. Also Jounieh came out of the First World War weakened by famine and economic stagnation. So several of its inhabitants were forced to move to the capital or to immigrate, and Jounieh lost most of its expertise. Its social and population development stopped, and its economic development weakened. The [[1932]] statistics showed 1,286 housed in Jounieh: 371 in Sarba, 434 in Ghadir, 350 houses in Harat Sakhr, and 131 in Sahil ‘Alma. This affected the building industry and records in the town hall showed very limited number of permits given from [[1922]]-[[1940]]. The only active sectors in that period were schools, small crafts, and planting of citrus trees, sugar cane, and vegetables. This situation stayed the same until the rule of President Fouad Shihab who outfitted the city with all that it needed to become modern. Jounieh then awakened from its slumber with projects for roads, lighting, modern planning, a stadium, a tourist port, a government house, and infrastructure. President Shihab used a number of experts and engineers headed by the French engineer Ekochar. The talk became of “Monte Carlo of the East” and Jounieh stood out as a bride of the Lebanese coast. In [[1959]], it started to attract banks, the first which were the Lebanese Commerce Bank and the Lebanese Federal Bank. By [[1975]] the number of banks reached six and today there are 38 banks in addition to the Lebanese Central Bank which was established in [[1879]]
[[Image:3133_(8)jounieh.JPG|thumb|The téléphérique as seen from the ground.]]
The area also witnessed an increase in the price of land from an average of seven to nine Lebanese pounds per square meter between [[1950]] and [[1960]] to an average of 25 to 35 Lebanese pounds in [[1965]].
The construction sector developed slowly starting from Sarba to Harat Sakhr, and finally the coast of ‘Alma. The buildings also started expanding around the city as the agricultural sector contracted and became confined to the coasts of Kaslik and some orchards in Ghadir, Harat Sakhr and the coast of ‘Alma. In the beginning of the seventies, Jounieh was transformed to a major and complete tourist center with the tourist network around it and on its edges including: Casino du Liban, the cable cars, the Harisa Church, the caverns in [[Jeita Grotto|Jeita]], restaurants, hotels, nightclubs, and the port.
With the war of [[1975]], and the division of Beirut into East and West parts and the escalation of the violence, many people fled to safe areas and were organizing their lives in accordance with the new realities.
From [[1980]] to [[1990]], Jounieh witnessed a massive migration as a large number of the Beirut traders moved to its markets. Buildings took over its green spaces, and the tourist complexes took over its shores. So its features changed randomly though it benefited from the use of the tourist port for commerce.
In 1990, when fighting stopped, Jounieh was no longer a small city where the humming of water is heard, and houses with red-tiled roofs are surrounded by dreamy orchards but it became a coastal city crowded with people in forests of cement without a beach for the waves to spread.
Jounieh in the beginning of the twenty first century looks reasonably and confidently ahead, leaving behind it memories of a century in which it expanded before its time.
Now, around 18 thousand voters live in Jounieh. Those who live in its towns and suburbs exceed 200,000. By the middle of the century, Jounieh will become a suburb of Beirut in a costal line that forms one city that expands the length of the coastal road at a time when the inhabitants of Lebanon will reach six million around the year 2025.
== Tourism ==
[[Image:Jounieh-from-Harissa.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Jounieh as seen from [[Harissa]]]]
*'''Casino du Liban'''
{{main|Casino du Liban}}
Casino du Liban offers gaming and shows and is located in the northern part of Jouniyeh
*'''Lebanese Heritage Museum'''
{{main|Lebanese Heritage Museum}}
Lebanese Heritage Museum displays items related to the culture and history of Lebanon
*'''Téléphérique'''
{{main|Téléphérique (Jounieh)}}
The ''téléphérique'' is a [[gondola lift]] that operates between Jounieh and [[Harissa, Lebanon|Harissa]]. It offers the passengers beautiful panoramic views of the bay of Jounieh and the coast all the way to [[Beirut]].
==See also==
*[[Keserwan District]]
*[[Tourism in Lebanon]]
==External links==
*[http://www.jounieh.gov.lb/ Official Site of the Municipality of Jounieh (in Arabic)]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lebanon]]
[[ar:جونيه]]
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