Tozama daimyō: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 16:42, 20 lug 2008

Versione delle 11:30, 31 lug 2008

Riga 5:

==Periodo Edo ==

I daimyo che si sottomisero allo [[shogunato Tokugawa]] dopo la [[Battaglia di Sekigahara]] vennero classificati come''tozama''. Molti dei feudi più vasti erano governati dai ''tozama''. Il più grande era il [[clan Maeda]] di [[Kaga]] con un valore di 1.000.000 di [[koku]]. Altri erano la [[famiglia Shimazu]] del [[dominio Satsuma|Satsuma]], il [[clan Mōri]], la [[famiglia Date]], il [[clan Hachisuka]], e il [[clan Uesugi]]. Molte, ma non tutte, di queste famiglie avevano vissuto nella stessa regione per secoli prima dello shogunato Tokugawa.

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Tokugawa Ieyasu had treated the great ''tozama'' [[vassal]]s amicably but later, between 1623 and 1626, [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]] was less tolerant of them. Particularly in western Japan, the ''tozama'' daimyo heavily profited from foreign trade in the mid 17th century. Their growing success was a threat to the shogunate, which responded by preventing the ports of western Japan and [[Kyūshū]] from trading.

[[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] aveva trattato i grandi vassalli ''tozama'' amichevolmente, ma in seguito, fra il 1623 e il 1626, [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]] era stato meno tollerante con loro. In particolare nel Giappone occidentale , i ''tozama'' daimyo trassero grandi profitti dal commercio con gli stranieri nella metà del diciassettesimo secolo. Il loro crescente successo era una minaccia per lo shogunato, che rispose proibendo ai porti del Giappone occidentale e di [[Kyūshū]] di commerciare.

To keep the ''tozama'' in check, the shogunate stationed ''[[fudai]]'' daimyo in strategic locations, including along major roads and near important cities. For much of the Edo period, the shogunate ordinarily did not appoint ''tozama'' to high positions within the government. These went instead to the ''fudai'' daimyo. However, this began to change in the [[Bakumatsu]] era; one tozama daimyo ([[Matsumae Takahiro]]) even became a ''[[rōjū]]''.

<!--To keep the ''tozama'' in check, the shogunate stationed ''[[fudai]]'' daimyo in strategic locations, including along major roads and near important cities. For much of the Edo period, the shogunate ordinarily did not appoint ''tozama'' to high positions within the government. These went instead to the ''fudai'' daimyo. However, this began to change in the [[Bakumatsu]] era; one tozama daimyo ([[Matsumae Takahiro]]) even became a ''[[rōjū]]''.

Tozama daimyo from [[Satsuma Han|Satsuma]] and [[Choshu Han|Choshu]] (Shimazu and Mori clans respectively) were responsible for the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate during the [[Bakumatsu]] era. Rallying other tozama to their cause, they fought against the shogunate, [[Aizu Han|Aizu]], and the [[Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei]] during the [[Boshin War]] of 1868-69. Many people from Satsuma and Choshu dominated politics in the ensuing decades, and well into the 20th century.