Progressive segmented frame: Difference between revisions

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'''Progressive segmented Frame''' (PsF, 24PsF, 48sF, 1080sf24, 1920x1080/24/1:1SF) is a [[High-definition_television|High Definition]] mastering video format designed to acquire, store, modify and distribute [[progressive scan|progressive]] content using [[interlaced]] equipment and media.

== History ==

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Not everyone welcomed the PsF standard. Some industry observers maintained that native 24p processing would have been a better and cleaner choice. Others accused Sony Pictures in lobbying products of its parent company, Sony Corporation, which at that time was producing interlaced equipment. Charles Poynton, an authority in digital television, makes the following remark in his book: "Proponents of [PsF] scheme claim compatibility with interlaced processing and recording equipment, a dubious objective in my view."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ra1lcAwgvq4C&pg=RA1-PA62&sig=8ZAl0RqzUYnyxQSmjxiIw4ZJDbE|title=Charles Poynton, "Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces"}}</ref>

PsF technology is usedimplemented in [[HDCAM]] and [[XDCAM]] video cameras, including famous [[CineAlta]] camera. This camerathat was used by George Lucas to shootfor the [[Star_Wars_Episode_II:_Attack_of_the_Clones|Star Wars, Episode 2]] movie.

== PsF vs. PAL/SECAM 2:2 pulldown ==

== PsF vs. PAL/SECAM 2:2 pulldown used in PAL/SECAM systems ==

Progressive segmented frame technique is equivalent to [[Telecine|2:2 pulldown]] pattern, which is used in PAL/SECAM television for at least half a century. As Charles Poynton explains, "film is transferred to 576i video using 2:2 pulldown: Each film frame is scanned into two video fields (or frames); the film is run 4% fast."

It seems that "PsF" is used for material originated on video, while "2:2 pulldown" seems to beis used for [[Telecine|telecine]] process, and in broadcast. Poynton does not question the usefulness of 2:2 pulldown scheme for broadcast purposes.

== 24PsF ==

24PsF (48sF, 1080sf24, 1920x1080/24/1:1SF) is the original PsF specification, which is used exclusively in professional equipment for film-to-video transfer, mastering and exchange between networks.

Considering tremendous popularityOne of the "Terminatordocumented 2",examples Artisanof and24PsF THXusage performedis a completely fresh2003 transfer of the "Terminator 2" movie to digitalDVD. formArtisan inand 2003. TheyTHX started with creating a new high definition digital master by converting original 24fps film to 1080PsF24 format and recording it to HD-D5 videotapes. Usage of progressive segmented frame allowed creating a digital master that was identical to original film, and made possible to perform all digital editing in 24p mode.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtvforum.info/lofiversion/index.php/t16581.html|title=Terminator 2: making of}}</ref> It is also worth nothing that this digital master appears to be used for 2006 Blu-Ray transfer of the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/terminator2.html|title=Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Blu-ray)}}</ref>

== 25PsF ==

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At present time 30PsF is not well suited for television distribution, because very few television sets are able to detect 2:2 cadence of 30PsF video. As such, these TV sets may try to deinterlace video by dropping one field of each frame, halving vertical resolution.

== Examples of using PsF for acquisition ==

PsF technology is used in [[HDCAM]] and [[XDCAM]] video cameras, including famous [[CineAlta]] camera. This camera was used by George Lucas to shoot the [[Star_Wars_Episode_II:_Attack_of_the_Clones|Star Wars, Episode 2]] movie.

In regards to consumer camcorders, PsF is used in the PAL version of the Canon HV20 camcorder, providing 25PsF shooting mode. PsF is also used in the NTSC version of the Canon HV30 camcorder, which adds 30PsF mode to 24p mode that was already available on its predecessor, the HV20.

== Examples of using PsF for mastering ==

=== Terminator 2: Extreme Edition ===

One of the examples of practical usage of PsF is the "Terminator 2: Extreme Edition" DVD release. Earlier releases for videotape, LaserDisk and DVD were done by transferring the original theatrical release to 60i video using 2:3 pulldown scheme, then by editing the resulting video. The final result was interlaced video with 2:3 cadence being constantly interrupted. The broken cadence made no difference for analog television, but became a problem when progressive scan TV sets with 2:3 cadence detection became commonplace.

Considering tremendous popularity of the "Terminator 2", Artisan and THX performed a completely fresh transfer of the movie to digital form in 2003. They started with creating a new high definition digital master by converting original 24fps film to 1080PsF24 format and recording it to HD-D5 videotapes. Usage of progressive segmented frame allowed creating a digital master that was identical to original film, and made possible to perform all digital editing in 24p mode.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtvforum.info/lofiversion/index.php/t16581.html|title=Terminator 2: making of}}</ref> It is also worth nothing that this digital master appears to be used for 2006 Blu-Ray transfer of the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/terminator2.html|title=Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Blu-ray)}}</ref>

==References==