Promises (futures) became more wellbetter known by its inclusion in programming lannguages such as [[MultiLisp]] and [[Actor model|Act1]]. The use of logic variables for communication in concurrent logic programming languages is quite similar. These started with "Prolog with Freeze" and "IC Prolog", and became a true concurrency primitive with Concurrent Prolog, Flat Concurrent Prolog, Parlog, Vulcan, Janus, Mozart/Oz, Flow Java, and Alice. The single assignment "I-var" from data flow languages, included in Reppy's "Concurrent ML", is much like the concurrent logic variable.
The pipelining technique (using promises/futures to overcome latency) was invented independently twice in the 1980s. It was invented at [[Project Xanadu]] (circa 1989) and by [[Barbara Liskov]] in 1988.
