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:<math>\langle x, c \rangle = \sum_{i=1}^n x_i {c_i}^p</math>
and ''p'' is the [[characteristic (algebra)|characteristic]] of '''F'''<sub>''q''</sub>. In [[linear algebra]] terms, the dual code is the [[annihilator]] of ''C'' with respect to the [[bilinear form]] <,>. The [[Dimension_(vector_space)|dimension]] of ''C'' and its dual always add up to ''n'':
:<math>\dim C + \dim C^\perp = n.</math>
The dual of the dual code is always the original code.
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