Wikipedia:Contents/Overview/Technology and applied sciences: Difference between revisions

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{{main|Technology|Applied sciences}}

== '''Advertising & Graphic Designing''' ==

'''''[[Technology|Technological]] concepts and issues''''' •

''by Ibrahim Pulatharakkal Mohammed''

[[Appropriate technology]] •

[[Diffusion of innovations]] •

[[Doomsday device]] •

[[Externality]] •

[[High technology]] •

[[History of science and technology]] •

[[History of technology]] •

[[Industry]] •

[[Innovation]] •

[[Knowledge economy]] •

[[Persuasion technology]] •

[[Pollution]] •

[[Posthumanism]] •

[[Precautionary principle]] •

[[Research and development]] •

[[Strategy of technology]] •

[[Superpower]]s •

[[Technicism]] •

[[Technocapitalism]] •

[[Technocriticism]] •

[[Techno-progressivism]] •

[[Technological convergence]] •

[[Technological evolution]] •

[[Technological determinism]] •

[[Diffusion (business)|Technological diffusion]] •

[[Technological singularity]] •

[[Technology acceptance model]] •

[[Technology assessment]] •

[[Technology lifecycle]] •

[[Technology transfer]] •

[[Technology Tree]] •

[[Technorealism]] •

[[Timeline of invention]] •

[[Transhumanism]]

'''''[[List of basic technology topics|Technologies]]''''' ''and'' '''''[[applied sciences]]''''' •

== What is " advertising" ? ==

[[Aerospace]] •

[[Agriculture]], [[agricultural science]], & [[agronomy]] •

[[Architecture]] •

[[Artificial intelligence]] •

[[Automation]] •

[[Automobile]] •

[[Big Science]] •

[[Biotechnology]] •

[[Cartography]] •

[[Chemical engineering]] •

[[Communication]] •

[[Computer science]] ([[Computing]], [[Computer programming|Programming]], [[Software engineering]], [[List of open problems in computer science]]) •

[[Construction]] •

[[Dentistry]] •

[[Design]] •

[[Education]] •

[[Electronics]] •

[[Energy development]] •

[[Energy storage]] •

[[Engineering]] •

[[Ergonomics]] •

[[Family and consumer science]] •

[[Firefighting]] •

[[Forensics]] •

[[Forestry]] •

[[Free software]] •

[[Health sciences]] •

[[Health]] •

[[Industry]] •

[[Information science]] •

[[Information technology]] •

[[Internet]] •

[[Library and information science]] •

[[Machine]]s •

[[Management]] •

[[Manufacturing]] •

[[Marketing]] •

[[Mass communication]] •

[[Mass production]] •

[[Medicine]] ([[Unsolved problems in neuroscience]]) •

[[Military science]] •

[[Military technology and equipment]] •

[[Mining]] •

[[Nanotechnology]] •

[[Nuclear technology]] •

[[Nutrition]] •

<!--[[Optical technology]]&nbsp;•-->

[[Process]]es&nbsp;•

[[Robotics]]&nbsp;•

<!--[[Sound-related technology]]&nbsp;•-->

[[Space exploration]]&nbsp;•

[[Technology forecasting]]&nbsp;•

[[Telecommunications]]&nbsp;•

[[Tool]]s&nbsp;•

[[Transport]] ([[Transport by country|By country]])&nbsp;•

[[Vehicle]]s&nbsp;•

[[Weapon]]s

[[Category:Technology portal|Technology and applied sciences]]

Advertising is defined in Webster's dictionary "as the the action of calling something to the attention of the public especially by paid announcements, to call public attention by emphasizing desirable qualities so as to arouse a desire to buy or patronize: promote."

Advertising is a mass-mediated communication. For communication to be classified as advertising it must be:

1) paid for,

2) delivered to an audience via mass media, and

3) be attempting to persuade.

In order to persuade, or be effective the advertisement must communicate to the audience the message it wants to relay. If for example, the advertisement is trying to sell a particular product than it must persuade the audience that for whatever functional or emotional reason they need to purchase the product.

Not only must the advertisement effectively communication the desired message, but the individual audience must be willing to "buy into" the desired message. In other words, for the advertisement to be effective, the communication must be sent and received. Advertising is a two way communication process.

The individual recipient is capable of interpreting the advertisement any way he/she wants. The individual should realize that they have the ability and the power to interpret the advertisement any way they so choose. They can either accept the message, ignore the message or rally against the message. As a matter of fact, the consumer has more power than they often realize to dictate what is communicated and what is not.

The "what" of advertising is the effective transmission of a message which stimulates the desired action i.e. purchase of a product, service, or idea. The "what" of advertising is the determination of what is the intent of the advertising? "What" is the purpose of our advertising, "what" is it that we want to communicate to the public?

The "what" of advertising is the what is our intent or purpose for this communication? But more importantly, as future advertisers we should never tire of asking ourselves "what effects do our advertisements have on society?

== == What is Graphic Designing == ==

[[The Eyes Have It]]

Graphic design is a problem solving process, requiring substantial creativity, innovation and technical expertise. An understanding of the client’s product or service and goals, their competitors and the target audience is translated into a visual solution. This visual solution is created by manipulating and combining shape, colour, imagery, typography and space.

== [[The graphic design process]] ==

A good graphic design process is structured around ensuring that the client gets the highest quality solution and service appropriate to their business, marketing or communication problem.

There are four major steps involved in graphic design:

1. Briefing.

2. Design.

3. Artwork.

4. Production.

While the detail below explains the steps involved in the graphic design process.

'''1. Briefing'''

The briefing stage may consist of either or both of the following:

• Initial informal discussions between designer and client – covering project objectives, timing and budget.

• Formal meetings to discuss your project in detail and clarify any technical issues including budget, timetable and corporate identity guidelines.

'''2. Design'''

'''Development'''''Italic text''

• Designer reviews the brief, background material and identity standards to ensure we understand the project context and your corporate requirements.

• Designer develops the draft concepts and preliminary designs and selects the most appropriate options for further development.

'''Presentation'''

• The designer presents visual solutions and explains design decisions.

• The designer works with you to evaluate the visual presentation against the brief.

'''Refinement'''''Italic text''

• Following your review and feedback, the designer amends the material as required and, if necessary, presents you with new design/s.

'''3. Artwork'''

• Prepares the artwork files and provides a proof (email or hardcopy).

• Approve the artwork by signing the proof, or mark-up changes you’d like to make.

• A further proof is provided if required.

• Any “author’s corrections” (client requested changes to content already provided which may include additional charges).

'''4. Production'''

• Designer forwards the artwork to the Publisher / Printer or bureau.

• The designer views a Publisher / Printer or bureau proof and passes the proof on to the client for approval.

• If required, do a pre “press check” of the printed sample while the job is running on the printing press.

== '''Tips for briefing graphic designers''' ==

• You should thoroughly communicate your needs with art director or with design coordinator at the briefing stage. We recommend you provide information about:

<br />• Your organisation’s practices and values.

<br />• Corporate identity requirements.

<br />• Existing communication material which you think reflects your organisation’s practices and values.

<br />• Objectives of communication material.

<br />• Words to describe the desired “look” and “feel” such as “contemporary” and “innovative”.

<br />• Emotional response you would like to achieve from the audience such as “excited,” “proud,” or “scared”.

<br />• Target audience.

<br />• You should include specific briefing information about your design project including:

<br />• Logos, symbols, trademarks.

<br />• How text and photographs will be provided, if needed.

<br />• How graphs and any other graphical elements will be provided and used, if required.

<br />• How many design concepts will be needed.

<br />• Production specifications (for example, number of pages, quantity, paper quality/stock, size, preferred binding) if known.

'''• Any special finishes (embossing, foiling, die-cuts). You can provide specialist advice on specifications and finishes.'''

<br />• Proposed production schedule.

<br />• Packaging requirements.

<br />• Printing preferences.

<br />• Delivery requirements including contact/s and address/es, electronic file formatting (if relevant).

<br />• Timeframes for concept presentation and approvals.

<br />• Delivery deadline.

<br />• Allow enough time for the design process

<br />• Often people are tempted to ‘crunch’ the time allowed for graphic design. To maximise your design investment, I suggest you allow substantial time for the design process. The focus should be on ensuring the text, design and artwork is correct. If you face strict time constraints, please discuss appropriate solutions with your client and directors.

<br />• Try not to let personal taste affect your opinion of a design. Consider whether the design will reach your target audience and whether it will achieve the intended result.

== '''Need more help?''' ==

If you have any questions or need advice, please contact:

'''Ibrahim P.M.'''

email: [e-mail]