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In [[molecular biology]] and [[bioinformatics]], a '''SNP array''' is a type of [[DNA microarray]] which is used to detect [[Polymorphism (biology)|polymorphisms]] within a population. A [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP), a variation at a single site in [[DNA]], is the most frequent type of variation in the genome. For example, there are around 10 million SNPs that have been identified in the [[human genome]]<ref> Sherry ST, Ward MH, Kholodov M, Baker J, Phan L, Smigielski EM, Sirotkin K. dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001;29:308–311. doi: 10.1093/nar/29.1.308. [PubMed] Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125122 </ref>. As SNPs are highly conserved throughout [[evolution]] and within a [[population]], the map of SNPs serves as an excellent genotypic marker for research.
==Principles==
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