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Lists of pairs and functional maps both provide a purely functional interface. In contrast, hash tables provide an imperative interface. For many operations, hash tables are significantly faster than lists of pairs and functional maps.
=== Optimj ===
[[http://www.ateji.com/optimj.html|Optimj]] is an extension of the [[Java (programming language)|Java]]. It includes true associative arrays. For example, an associative array mapping strings to strings might be specified as follows:
<source lang="java">
String[String] phoneBook = {
"Sally Smart" -> "555-9999",
"John Doe" -> "555-1212",
"J. Random Hacker" -> "555-1337"
}
</source>
<code>phoneBook["John Doe"]</code> access a value by a key.
In fact, associative arrays mimics as soon as possible java arrays.
=== Perl ===
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