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Two prominent members of the DEM family are the [[distinct element method]] proposed by [[Peter A. Cundall | Cundall]] in [[1971]], and the [[discontinuous deformation analysis]] (DDA) proposed by [[Gen-hua Shi | Shi]] in [[1988]].
'''Discrete element modeling''' (also abbreviated to DEM) is a computational method for simulating the behaviour of a systems of discrete objects (particles). It tracks every individual particle (and any bounding geometry) subjecting them to contact and body forces, and updating the system incrementally in time. As opposed to [[CFD]] a much smaller time step is necessary to accurately simulate the contacts between objects, typically of the order ot 10^-5 - 10^-6. DEM software allows the user to understand existing behaviour and make predictions on new systems. Typical industries using DEM are:
#Mining
#Pharmaceutical
#Oil and gas
#Agriculture and food handling
#Chemical
DEM is processor intensive and this limits either the length of a simulation (given the small timestep) or the number of particles. Advances in the software are beginning to take advantage of parallel processing capabilities (shared or distributed systems) to scale up the number of particles or length of the simulation.
==Bibliography==
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