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In classical genetics, the stop codons were given names - UAG was amber, UGA was opal, and UAA was ocher. These names were originally the names of the specific genes in which mutation of each of these stop codons was first detected. Translation starts with a chain initiation codon (start codon). But unlike stop codons, these are not sufficient to begin the process; nearby initiation sequences are also required to induce transcription into [[mRNA]] and binding by [[ribosome]]s. The most notable start codon is AUG, which also codes for methionine. CUG and UUG, and in [[prokaryotes]] GUG and AUU, also work.
It is notable that the standard genetic code has basic features of [[error correction]]. Many codons which differ by only one base codes for the same amino acid, and most often the base that differs is the last base, which happens to be the base which is most often misread in the translation process. Furthermore, amino acids which tend to occur more frequently in proteins on average tend to have more codons which code for them.
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