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The '''memory controller''' is a chip on a computer's [[motherboard]] or CPU die which manages the flow of data going to and from the [[random access memory|memory]].
Most computers based on an [[Intel]] processor have a memory controller implemented on their motherboard's [[northbridge (computing)|northbridge]], though some modern [[microprocessors]], such as [[AMD]]'s [[Athlon 64]] and [[Opteron]] processors, [[IBM]]'s [[POWER5]], and [[Sun Microsystems]] [[UltraSPARC T1]] have a memory controller on the CPU die to reduce the [[memory latency]]. While this has the potential to increase the system's performance, it locks the processor to a specific type (or types) of memory, forcing a redesign in order to support newer memory technologies. When [[DDR2 SDRAM]] was introduced, AMD released new Athlon 64 CPUs. These new models, with a DDR2 controller, use a different physical socket (known as [[Socket AM2]]), so that they will only fit in motherboards designed for the new type of RAM. When the memory controller is not on-die, the same CPU may be installed on a new motherboard, with an updated [[northbridge]].
==Purpose==
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