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With the [[Treaty of Gruber-De Gasperi]] (1946) the German-speaking people were granted special rights. But the statutory order was implemented by De Gasperi for the whole region (South Tyrol and Trentino), where Italians were in the majority, making real self-government for the German-speaking South Tyroleans impossible. Even the implementation of this "First statutory order" was delayed repeatedly, while more and more Italians were encouraged to relocate to South Tyrol, with the aim of creating an Italian majority.
As a consequence of delaying implementation of the statutory order, the late [[1950s]] and especially [[1960s]] saw the rise of anti-Italian terrorism in South Tyrol. At the beginning the terrorist strategy was targeted only against structures.
The 1960s brought some progress towards the establishment of self-government for the South Tyroleans. In consequence, only the most fanatical of the terrorists wanted to continue their fight for an Austrian South Tyrol by violent means. Terrorists carried out 361 attacks with explosives, guns and land mines between [[1956]] and [[1988]]. Acts were mainly against structures; however, there were 21 casualties, four of which were 4 terrorists, slain by their own explosive devices. The wounded amounted to 57.
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