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The graphical user interface was invented by researchers at the [[Stanford Research Institute]] (including [[Douglas Engelbart|Doug Engelbart]]) for use in the [[On-Line System]]. The concept was greatly refined and extended by [[Xerox PARC]], which used it as the primary interface for the [[Xerox Alto]] [[computer]]. Most modern general purpose GUIs are derived from this system. For this reason some people call this class of interface a PARC User Interface (PUI). The PUI consists of graphical [[widget]]s such as [[window (computing)|windows]], [[menu (computing)|menu]]s, [[radio button (computing)|radio button]]s, [[check box]]es, and [[icon (computing)|icon]]s, and employs a [[pointing device]] (such as mouse, trackball, or touchscreen) in addition to a keyboard. For this reason, many people refer to PUIs as WIMPs (Windows, Icons, Mouse, Pointer). Widgets are often provided in the form of [[widget toolkit]] libraries.
Examples of systems that support PUIs are [[Mac OS]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[NEXTSTEP]] and the [[X Window System]]. The latter is extended with toolkits such as [[Motif (widget toolkit)|Motif]] ([[CDE]]), [[Qt toolkit|Qt]] ([[KDE]]), [[GTK]]+ and ([[GNOME]]).
GUIs that are not PUIs are most notable in [[computer game]]s. Advanced GUIs based on [[virtual reality]] are frequent in research. Many research groups in North America and Europe are working on the [[Zooming User Interface]] or ZUI, which is an advanced but logical outgrowth of the GUI, blending some 3D movement with 2D or "2 and a half D" vectorial objects.
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