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'''Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology''' (GERAM) is a generalised [[framework]] for [[enterprise integration]] and [[business process]] [[engineering]]. It identifies the set of components recommended for use in [[enterprise engineering]].<ref name="Nell97"> J.G. Nell, NIST (1997). "[http://www.mel.nist.gov/workshop/iceimt97/ice-gera.htm An Overview of GERAM]" ICEIMT'97 International Conference on Enterprise Integration Modelling Technology 1997. Updated 30 January 1997</ref>
[[File:GERAM Framework.jpg|thumb|360px|Fig 1. GERAM Framework: This set of components is identified in the first image and briefly described in the following. Starting from defined concepts to be used in enterprise integration (GERA), GERAM distinguishes between the methodologies for enterprise integration (GEEM) and the languages used to describe structure, contents and behaviour of the enterprise (GEML).]]▼
▲This set of components is identified in the first image and briefly described in the following. Starting from defined concepts to be used in enterprise integration (GERA), GERAM distinguishes between the methodologies for enterprise integration (GEEM) and the languages used to describe structure, contents and behaviour of the enterprise (GEML).
== Overview ==
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The modelling process will result in an enterprise model (EM) which represents all or part of the [[enterprise operation]]. These models will allow simulation of operational alternatives and thereby their evaluation leading to the optimum structure, contents and behaviour of the enterprise operation. GERAM provides a generic description of all the elements recommended in enterprise engineering and integration.
Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology (GERAM) is an enterprise-reference architecture that models the whole life history of an enterprise integration project from its initial concept in the eyes of the entrepreneurs who initially developed it, through its definition, functional design or specification, detailed design, physical implementation or construction, and finally operation to obsolescence. The architecture aims to be a relatively simple framework upon which all the functions and activities involved in the aforementioned phases of the life of the enterprise-integration project can be mapped. It also will permit the tools used by the investigators or practitioners at each phase to be indicated. The architecture defined will apply to projects, products, and processes; as well as to enterprises.<ref name="Nell96"/>
== History ==
Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology (GERAM) is developed in the 1990s by an [[International Federation of Automatic Control|IFAC]]/[[International Federation of Information Processing|IFIP]] Task Force on [[Enterprise Architecture|Architectures]] for [[Enterprise Integration]]. The IFAC/IFIP Task Force on Architectures for Enterprise Integration was establishment in 1990 and had studied enterprise-reference architectures ever since.<ref name="Nell96"> JG Nell (2006). "[http://www.mel.nist.gov/sc5wg1/np_geram.htm Requirements and Methodology for Enterprise-Reference Architectures: A New Work Item Proposal]". updated 20 May 1996.</ref>
In its work the Task Force has established the requirements to be satisfied by candidate enterprise-reference architectures and their associated methodologies to fulfill the needs of [[industry]] for such aids to [[enterprise integration]]. The result has been called GERAM, for "Generalized Enterprise-Reference Architecture and Methodology", by the Task Force. The Task Force has shown that such an architecture is feasible and that several architectures presently available in the literature can already or potentially can fulfil such requirements.<ref name="Nell96"/>
The devopment of enterprise-reference architecture has evolved from the developemt of Design Methodology for Advanced Manufacturing Systems in the 1980s,<ref>Doumeingts, G., Vallespir, B., Darracar, D., M., "Design Methodology for Advanced Manufacturing Systems", Computers in Industry, Vol. 9, pp. 271-296, December 1987.</ref> such as [[CIMOSA]], the Open System Architecture for CIM.<ref>AMICE Consortium, Open System Architecture for CIM, Research Report of ESPRIT Project 688, Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, 1989.</ref><ref>AMICE Consortium, Open System Architecture, CIMOSA, AD 1.0, Architecture Description, ESPRIT Consortium AMICE, Brussels, Belgium, 1991.</ref> The GERAM framework was first published by Peter Bernusand and Laszlo Nemes in 1994.<ref name="BN94"/>
== GERAM Topics ==
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== Further reading ==
* T.J. Williams and Hong Li, ''A Specification and Statement of Requirements for GERAM (The Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology) with all Requirements illustrated by Examples from the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology PERA'', REPORT NUMBER 159 Purdue Laboratory for Applied Industrial Control November 1995, Version 1.1
* D. Shorter, Editor, "An evaluation of CIM modelling constructs - Evaluation report of constructs for views according to ENV 40 003", In: ''Computers in Industry'' - Vol. 24, Nrs 2-3
* T.J. Williams, et al., "Architectures for integrating manufacturing activities and enterprises", In: ''Computers in Industry'' - Vol. 24, Nrs 2-3
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