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George Wetherill benefited from the [[GI Bill of Rights]] to receive four degrees, the Ph.B. (1948), S.B. (1949), S.M. (1951), and Ph.D., in physics (1953), all from the [[University of Chicago]]. He did his thesis research, on the spontaneous [[fission]] of [[uranium]], as well as nuclear processes in nature, as an [[Atomic Energy Commission]] Predoctoral Fellow. Upon receiving his Ph.D., Wetherill became a staff member at Carnegie's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) in Washington, D.C. There, he joined an interdepartmental group of Carnegie scientists who were working to date the Earth's rocks by geochemical methods involving natural [[radioactive decay]]. This involved determining the concentration and [[isotopic]] composition of [[inert gases]] such as [[argon]], as well as the isotopes of [[strontium]] and [[lead (element)|lead]]. He originated the concept of the Concordia Diagram for the uranium-lead isotopic system; this diagram became the standard means for determining precise ages of rocks, and of detecting the possibility of [[metamorphism]], and it forms the basis for all high-precision [[geochronology]] in rocks dating back to the early history of the Earth. He was also a member of the Carnegie group that accurately determined the decay constants of [[potassium]] and [[rubidium]], an effort that has also become fundamental to the measurement of geological time.
Wetherill left DTM in 1960 to become a professor of geophysics and geology at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]]. There, he served as chairman of the interdepartmental curriculum in geochemistry (1964-1968), and as chairman of the Department of Planetary and Space Sciences (1968-1972). At UCLA, his interests in age-dating techniques expanded to include [[extraterrestrial]] material, as he began applying his radiometric chronology techniques to [[meteorite]] and [[Moon|lunar]] samples. At the same time, he began theoretical explorations into the origin of meteorites. His studies concentrated on collisions between objects in the [[asteroid belt]] together with resonances between their motions and those of planets. He computed how these events could move material into Earth-crossing orbits to become meteorites or larger Earth-impacting bodies responsible for the devastating impacts that caused mass extinctions of the majority of living species, including the dinosaurs. Later, he, along with scientists elsewhere, proposed that a certain unusual class of meteorites was not asteroidal in origin but instead came from the planet [[Mars]]. This was later confirmed by laboratory work elsewhere and is now well accepted.
In 1975, Wetherill returned to Carnegie's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism as director. He remained director until 1991, when he became a staff member. At DTM, he began extending his research efforts into questions concerning the origin of the terrestrial planets--[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Venus (planet)|Venus]], [[Earth (planet)|Earth]], and [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. He was stimulated by earlier studies by Victor Safronov (O. Yu SchmidtInstitute, Moscow), who showed that as a swarm of [[planetesimals]] coagulated into large bodies the swarm could evolve to produce a few terrestrial planets. Wetherill developed a technique to calculate numerically the orbital evolution and accumulation of planetesimal swarms, and he used the technique to reach specific predictions of the physical and orbital properties of terrestrial planets. His results agreed well with present observations.
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