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VSAM records can be of fixed or variable length. They are organised in fixed-size blocks called Control Intervals (CIs), and thence into larger divisions called Control Areas (CAs). Control Interval sizes are measured in bytes — e.g. 4K — while Control Area sizes are measured in disk tracks or cylinders.
The program IDCAMS is commonly used to manipulate ("delete and define") VSAM [[Dataset|datasets]]. Custom programs can access VSAM datasets through data definitions (DD's) in Job Control Language (JCL) or in online regions such as CICS (Customer Information Control Systems.)
Both [[IMS/DB]] and [[DB2]] are implemented on top of VSAM and use its underlying data structures.
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