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The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) was originally established in 1921 as the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB). The present name was adopted in 1970 as a result of a revised international agreement among member nations. However, the former name International Hydrographic Bureau was retained for the IHO's administrative body of three Directors and a small staff at the organization's headquarters in Monaco.
[[19世紀]]、多くの臨海国家は軍艦と商船が航海しやすいように水路関係の業務を取り扱う部署(hydrographic offices)を作り、海に関する出版物や海図などの海に関するサービスを提供させた。There were substantial differences in hydrographic procedures charts, and publications.
During the 19th century, many maritime nations established hydrographic offices to provide means for improving the navigation of naval and merchant vessels by providing nautical publications, nautical charts, and other navigational services. There were substantial differences in hydrographic procedures charts, and publications. In 1889, an International Marine Conference was held at Washington, D.C., and it was proposed to establish a "permanent international commission." Similar proposals were made at the sessions of the International Congress of Navigation held at St. Petersburg in 1908 and again in 1912.
[[1889年]]に[[ワシントンDC]]で開催された(International Marine Conference)において、恒久的かつ国際的な委員会を作ることが提案された。同じような提案は[[1908年]]と[[1912年]]に[[サンクトペテルブルグ]]でかいさいされたInternational Congress of Navigationでも提案された。
In [[1919 the hydrographers of Great Britain and France cooperated in taking the necessary steps to convene an international conference of hydrographers年]]、[[イギリス]]と[[フランス]]の水路学者は水路学者による国際的な委員会を招集するために必要な段階を踏もうと協力した. London was selected as the most suitable place for this conference, and on July 24, そして[[1919, the First International Conference opened, attended by the hydrographers of 年]][[7月24日]]に最初の国際委員会が開催され、24カ国の水路学者が参加した。 nations. The object of the conference wasこの委員会の論点は、 "To consider the advisability of all maritime nations adopting similar methods in preparation, construction, and production of their charts and all hydrographic publications; of rendering the results in the most convenient form to enable them to be readily used; of instituting a prompt system of mutual exchange of hydrographic information between all countries; and of providing an opportunity to consultations and discussions to be carried out on hydrographic subjects generally by the hydrographic experts of the world." This is still the major purpose of であり、この論点は現在のIHO.でも変わらず重要な問題である。
As a result of the conference, a permanent organization was formed この委員会の結果、恒久的な機関が作られand statutes for its operations were prepared. The IHB, now the (現在のIHO, began its activities in )は[[1921 with 年]]に18 nations as members. カ国の参加の元開設された。The Principality of Monaco was selected because of its easy communication with the rest of the world and also because of the generous offer of Albert I, Prince of Monaco to provide suitable accommodations for the Bureau in the Principality.
The principal work undertaken by the IHO is: ·To bring about a close and permanent association between national hydrographic offices. ·To study matters relating to Hydrography and allied sciences and techniques. ·To further the exchange of nautical charts and documents between hydrographic officers of member governments. ·To tender guidance and advice upon request, in particular to countries engaged in setting up or expanding their hydrographic service. ·To encourage coordination of hydrographic surveys with relevant oceanographic activities. ·To extend and facilitate the application of oceanographic knowledge for the benefit of navigators. ·To cooperate with international organizations and scientific institutions which have related objectives.
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