Methods of neuro-linguistic programming: Difference between revisions

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Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is based on the idea that with our senses we are only able to perceive a small part of the world. Our view of the world is filtered by our experience, beliefs, values, assumptions, and biological sensory systems. We act and feel based on our perception of the world rather than the real world.

NLP teaches that language and behaviors (whether functional or dysfunctional) are highly structured, and that this structure can be 'modeled' or copied into a reproducible form.<ref name="Bandler & Grinder 1979">{{cite book | author=Bandler, R., Grinder, J. | title=Frogs into Princes: Neuro Linguistic Programming | ___location=Moab, UT | publisher=Real People Press. | year=1979 | pages=149(pp.15,24,30,45,52) | idisbn=ISBN 0911226192}}</ref> Using NLP a person can 'model' the more successful parts of their own behavior in order to reproduce it in areas where they are less successful or 'model' another person to effect belief and behavior changes to improve functioning. If someone excels in some activity, it can be [[Modeling (NLP)|learned]] how specifically they do it by observing certain important details of their behavior.<ref name="Bandler & Grinder 1975a">{{cite book | author=Bandler, Richard & John Grinder | title=The Structure of Magic I: A Book About Language and Therapy | ___location=Palo Alto, CA | publisher=Science & Behavior Books | year=1975|idisbn= ISBN 0831400447}}</ref> NLP embodies several techniques, including hypnotic techniques, which proponents claim can affect changes in the way people think, learn and communicate.<ref name="Dilts et al 1980">{{cite book | author=Dilts, R.B., Grinder, J., Bandler, R., DeLozier, J.A. | title=Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Volume I - The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience | publisher=Meta Publications | year=1980 | idisbn=ISBN 0916990079 | pages=284(pp.3-43–4,6,14,17)}}</ref> NLP is an eclectic field, often described as a 'toolbox' which has borrowed heavily from other fields in collating its presuppositions and techniques.

==Internal 'maps' of the world==

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{{main|Milton model}}

The '''Milton model''' is a form of hypnotherapy based on the language patterns for hypnotic communication of [[Milton Erickson]], a noted hypnotherapist.<ref name="Barretta 2004">Norma Barretta (2004) Review of Hypnotic Language: Its Structure and Use. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. Bloomingdale: Jan 2004. Vol.46, Iss. 3; pg. 261, 2 pgs</ref> It has been described as "a way of using language to induce and maintain trance in order to contact the hidden resources of our personality".<ref name="OConnor & Seymour 2002">{{cite book | author=Joseph O'Connor, John Seymour | title=Introducing NLP | ___location=London | publisher=HarperCollins | year=2002 (first published 1990) | url=http://www.reiters.com/index.cgi?ISBN=1855383446&f=p | idisbn=1855383446}}</ref> The Milton model has three primary aspects: Firstly, to assist in building and maintaining rapport with the client. Secondly, to overload and distract the conscious mind so that [[unconscious communication]] can be cultivated. Thirdly, to allow for interpretation in the words offered to the client.<ref name="Pruett 2002">Pruett, Julie Annette Sikes (2002) The application of the neuro-linguistic programming model to vocal performance training D.M.A., The University of Texas at Austin, 151 pages; AAT 3108499 </ref>

;1. Rapport

The first aspect, building '''[[Rapport (NLP)|rapport]]''', or empathy, is done to achieve better communication and responsiveness. NLP teaches 'mirroring' or matching body language, posture, breathing, predicates and voice tonality. Rapport is an aspect of 'pacing' or tuning into the client or learners world. Once pacing is established, the practitioner can 'lead' by changing their behavior or perception so the other follows. O'Connor & Seymour in "Introducing NLP" describe rapport as a 'harmonious dance', an extension of natural skills, but warn against mimicry.<ref name="OConnor & Seymour 2002"/> Singer gives examples of the pantomime effect of mere mimicry by some practitioners which does not create rapport.<ref name="Singer & Lalich 1997">{{cite book | author= Singer, Margaret & Janja Lalich | title=Crazy Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work? | publisher=Jossey Bass | year=1997 | idisbn=ISBN 0787902780}}</ref>

;2. Overloading conscious attention

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;Submodalities

{{main|Submodalities (NLP)}}

Submodalities are the fine details of representational systems. In the late 1970s the developers of NLP started playing around with the submodalities of representational systems involving the enhancement of visualisation techniques (common in sports psychology and meditation), by including other sensory systems. Submodalities involve the relative size, ___location, brightness of internal images, the volume and direction of internal voices and sounds, and the ___location, texture, and movement of internally created sensations.<ref name="Tosey & Mathison 2003">Tosey, P. Jane Mathison (2003) Neuro-linguistic Programming and learning theory: a response ''The Curriculum Journal'' Vol.14 No.3 p.371-388 See also (available online): [http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00003319.htm Neuro-linguistic programming: its potential for learning and teaching in formal education]</ref> Submodalities and hypnosis became the focus of Richard Bandler's later work. A typical change process may involve manipulating the submodalities of internal representations. For example, someone may see their future as 'dark and cloudy' with associated emotions, but would seek through NLP to perceive, and feel it, as 'light and clear'. Other training exercises develop a person's ability to move around internal images, change the quality of sounds and find out how these effect the intensity of internal feelings or other submodalities. Although NLP did not discover submodalities, it appears that the proponents of NLP may have been the first to systematically use manipulation of submodalities for therapeutic or personal development purposes, particularly phobias, compulsions and addictions.<ref name="Dilts & Delozier 2000">{{cite book | last = Dilts | first = Robert B | coauthors = DeLozier, Judith A | title = Encyclopedia of Systemic Neuro-Linguistic Programming and NLP New Coding | publisher = NLP University Press |year= 2000 | url = http://www.nlpuniversitypress.com/ | idisbn = ISBN 0970154003}}</ref>

==Meta-programs==