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The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is a macroscopic, deterministic particle method (Lagrangian [[meshfree method]]) developed by Koshizuka and Oka (1996) initially for the simulation of incompressible free-surface fluid flows. The MPS method is similar to the SPH ([[Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics]]) method (Gingold and Monaghan, 1977; Lucy, 1977) in that both methods provide approximations to the strong form of the [[Partial Differential Equations]] (PDEs) on the basis of integral interpolants. However, the MPS method applies simplified differential operator models solely based on a local weighted averaging process without taking the gradient of a kernel function. In addition, the solution process of MPS method differs to that of the original SPH method as the solutions to the PDEs are obtained through a semi-implicit prediction-correction process rather than the fully explicit one in original SPH method.
Through the past years, the MPS method has been applied in a wide range of engineering applications including Coastal Engineering (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563405001239 Gotoh et al., 2005]; [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.10.007 Gotoh and Sakai, 2006]), Structural Engineering (e.g. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/60q68ha4pfl7n6nf/ Chikazawa et al., 2001]), Nuclear Engineering (Koshizuka and Oka, 2001), Mechanical Engineering, (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00011-X Heo et al., 2002]), Bioengineering (e.g. [http://www.jamstec.go.jp/esc/publication/journal/jes_vol.5/pdf/JES5_21-Tsubota.pdf Tsubota et al., 2001]) and Chemical Engineering (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.034 Sun et al., 2009]). Improved versions of MPS method have been proposed for enhancement of numerical stability (e.g. [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/2910/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 Koshizuka et al., 1998]; [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2005.12.002 Ataie-Ashtiani and Farhadi, 2006]), momentum conservation (e.g. Hamiltonian MPS by [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006 Suzuki et al., 2007]; Corrected MPS by [http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563408001788 Khayyer and Gotoh, 2008]), mechanical energy conservation (e.g. Hamiltonian MPS by [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.12.006 Suzuki et al., 2007]) and pressure calculation (e.g. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.004 Khayyer and Gotoh, 2009]).
== References ==
1) B. Ataie-Ashtiani and L. Farhadi, “A stable moving particle semi-implicit method for free surface flows,” Fluid Dynamics Research 38, 241-256, 2006.
2) Y. Chikazawa, S. Koshizuka, and Y. Oka, “A particle method for elastic and visco-plastic structures and fluid-structure interactions,” Comput. Mech. 27, pp. 97-106, 2001.
3) R.A. Gingold and J.J. Monaghan, “Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: theory and application to non-spherical stars,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., Vol 181, pp. 375-89, 1977.
4) H. Gotoh and T. Sakai, “Key issues in the particle method for computation of wave breaking,” Coastal Engineering, Vol 53, No 2-3, pp. 171-179, 2006.
5) H. Gotoh, H. Ikari, T. Memita and T. Sakai, “Lagrangian particle method for simulation of wave overtopping on a vertical seawall,” Coast. Eng. J., Vol 47, No 2-3, pp. 157-181, 2005.
6) S. Heo, S. Koshizuka and Y. Oka, Numerical analysis of boiling on high heat-flux and high subcooling condition using MPS-MAFL, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 45(3), 2633-2642, 2002.
7) A. Khayyer and H. Gotoh, “Development of CMPS method for accurate water-surface tracking in breaking waves,” Coast. Eng. J., Vol 50, No 2, pp. 179-207, 2008.
8) A. Khayyer and H. Gotoh, “Modified Moving Particle Semi-implicit methods for the prediction of 2D wave impact pressure,” Coastal Engineering, 56(4), pp. 419-440, 2009.
9) S. Koshizuka and Y. Oka, “Moving particle semi-implicit method for fragmentation of incompressible fluid,” Nuclear Science and Engineering, Vol 123, pp. 421-434, 1996.
10) S. Koshizuka, S. and Y. Oka, “Application of Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method to Nuclear Reactor Safety,” Comput. Fluid Dyn. J. 9, 366-375, 2001.
11) S. Koshizuka, A. Nobe and Y. Oka, “Numerical Analysis of Breaking Waves Using the Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method,” Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluid, Vol 26, pp 751-769, 1998.
12) L.B. Lucy, “A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis,” Astron. J., Vol 82, pp. 1013-1024, 1977.
13) Z. Sun, G. Xi and X. Chen, “A numerical study of stir mixing of liquids with particle method,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol 64, pp. 341-350, 2009.
14) K. Tsubota, S. Wada, H. Kamada, Y. Kitagawa, R. Lima and T. Yamaguchi, “A Particle Method for Blood Flow Simulation, -Application to Flowing Red Blood Cells and Platelets-,” Journal of the Earth Simulator, Vol 5, pp. 2-7, 2006.
== Links ==
1) [http://mps.q.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/main.html Laboratory of Professor Seiichi Koshizuka at the University of Tokyo, Japan]
2) [http://particle.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eindex.html Laboratory of Professor Hitoshi Gotoh at Kyoto University, Japan]
3) [http://www.ftr.co.jp/n/english/products/products_ryujin_fr.html MPS-RYUJIN by Fuji Technical Research]
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