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To encode a number such as 127, then, one simply encodes each of the decimal digits as above, giving (0001, 0010, 0111).
Since most computers store data in eight-bit [[byte]]s, there are two common ways of storing four-bit BCD digits in those bytes: either one can simply ignore the extra four bits of each byte, usually filling them with zero bits or one bits (as in [[EBCDIC]]); or one can store two digits per byte, called "packed" BCD (packed BCD also usually ends with a sign digit, for which the preferred values are 1100 for + and 1101 for -). Thus the number 127 would be represented as (11110001, 11110010, 11110111) in EBCDIC or (00010010, 01111100) in packed BCD.
While BCD is wasteful (about 1/6 of the available memory is wasted, even in packed BCD), it has a direct correspondence to the [[ASCII]] character set if the BCD number is prepended or OR'd with 00110000 (decimal 48), and large numbers can easily be displayed on 7-element displays by splitting up the [[Integral data type|nybbles]] and sending each to a different character (the individual characters often have the wiring to display the correct figures). The [[BIOS]] in PCs usually keeps the date and time in BCD format, probably for historical reasons (it avoided the need for binary to ASCII conversion). | |||