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===Constructivist approaches===
3D virtual worlds are often used for [[constructivist]] learning because of the opportunities for learners to explore, collaborate and be immersed within an environment of their choice. Some virtual worlds allow users to build objects and to change the appearance of their avatar and of their surroundings. <ref>{{cite news |first=Tuncer |last=Can |title=Learning and Teaching Languages Online: a Constructivist Approach |url=http://www.novitasroyal.org/Vol_3_1/can.pdf |work=Novitas-ROYAL |date=[[2009-04]] |accessdate = 2009-06-22 }}</ref>. Constructivist approaches such as task-based learning and Dogme are applied to virtual world language learning because of the scope for learners to socially co-construct knowledge, in spheres of particular relevance to the learner.
===Task-based language learning===
[[Task-based language learning]] (TBL) focuses on the use of authentic language and encourages students to do real life tasks using the language being learned. Tasks can be highly transactional, where the student is carrying out everyday tasks such as visiting the doctor at the Chinese island of Monash University (in Second Life). Incidental knowledge (about the medical system in China) can also be gained through such immersive TBL. Other tasks may focus on more interactional language, such as ones that involve more social activities or interviews within a virtual world.
===Dogme 2.0===
The term [[Dogme_language_teaching#Dogme.2C_Technology_and_Web_2.0|Dogme 2.0]] refers to the application of [[Dogme_language_teaching|Dogme]] principles to teaching and learning languages with web 2.0 tools, including virtual worlds. Dogme has been presented as especially relevant to virtual world language learning because of the social, immersive and creative experiences offered by virtual worlds. These experiences offer opportunities for the language learning to focus on what is relevant to the learner and to stimulate language learning through conversations (either within or outside of the virtual world). <ref>{{cite news |first=Howard |last=Vickers |title=Dogme 2.0: What “Teaching 2.0” Can Learn from Dogme ELT |url=http://www.avatarlanguages.com/blog/dogme-elt-web20-dogme20 |work= Avatar Languages Blog |date=[[2009-03-15]] |accessdate = 2009-06-22 }}</ref>
===Six Learnings Framework===
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* '''Building''': learners construct objects within a virtual world.
* '''Championing''': learners promote real life causes through activities and presentations in a virtual world.
* '''Expressing''': learners represent activities within a virtual world to the outside world, through blogs, podcasts, presentations and videos.
==Approaches to Language Education in Virtual Worlds==
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