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'''Android science''' is an interdisciplinary framework for studying human interaction and cognition based on the premise that a very humanlike [[robot]] (that is, an [[android]]) can elicit human-directed social responses in human beings.<ref>Reeves, B. & Nass, C. (2002). ''The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places.'' University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9781575860534</ref><ref>MacDorman, K. F., Minato, T., Shimada, M., Itakura, S., Cowley, S. J., & Ishiguro, H. (2005). Assessing human likeness by eye contact in an android testbed. In ''Proceedings of the XXVII Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.'' July 25-26, Stresa, Italy.</ref> The android's ability to elicit human-directed social responses enables researchers to employ an android in experiments with human participants as an apparatus that can be controlled more precisely than a human actor.<ref>[http://www.macdorman.com MacDorman, K. F.] & [http://www.ed.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Ishiguro, H.] (2006). [http://www.macdorman.com/kfm/writings/pubs/MacDorman2006AndroidScience.pdf The uncanny advantage of using androids in cognitive science research.] ''Interaction Studies, 7''(3), 297-337.</ref>
While mechanical-looking robots may be able to elicit social responses to some extent, a robot that looks and acts like a human being is in a better position to stand in for a human actor in social, psychological, cognitive, or neuroscientific experiments. This gives experiments with androids a level of ecological validity with respect to human interaction found lacking in experiments with mechanical-looking robots.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1075/is.7.3.03mac}}</ref>
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